明慎用刑而不留獄
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
山上有火，旅
(The trigram representing) a mountain and above it that for fire form Lyu.
君子以明慎用刑而不留獄。
The superior man, in accordance with this, exerts his wisdom and caution in the use of punishments and will not allow litigations to continue.
山上有火，旅之象。山靜而火行，火不久留。君子由此體會：要明白謹慎地施用刑罰，不可把案件積壓在獄中。如同火不久留之象，刑罰宜速決而不可拖延。
(The trigram representing) a mountain and above it that for fire form Lyu. The superior man, in accordance with this, exerts his wisdom and caution in the use of punishments and will not allow litigations to continue.
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
旅，小亨，旅貞吉。
旅卦，小有亨通，旅人守正則吉。在外為客之時不可大事而能小成，須以正自處。
Lyu indicates that (in the condition which it denotes) there may be some little attainment and progress. If the stranger or traveller be firm and correct as he ought to be, there will be good fortune.
旅，小亨。柔得中乎外而順乎剛，止而麗乎明，是以小亨，旅貞吉也。旅之時義大矣哉。
旅小亨，柔（六五）得中於外卦，順從剛健；下卦艮止、上卦離明（麗於明），所以小亨。旅人守正則吉。旅卦的時與義，意義非常大。
Lyu intimates that there may be some little attainment and progress. The weak occupies the central place in the outer (trigram), and is obedient to the strong. (We have also the attributes of) quiet resting and of being attached to what is intelligent.
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
旅瑣瑣，斯其所取災。
旅人瑣碎卑下，這是自取其災。陰柔在最下而貪小利，不知旅之道在大度，必招災。
The first SIX shows the stranger mean and meanly occupied. It is thus that he brings on himself (further) calamity.
旅瑣瑣，志窮災也。
旅瑣瑣，是志氣窮乏招來災難。
旅即次，懷其資，得童僕貞。
旅人到了客棧，懷有財資，得到童僕之忠誠。陰柔得中正，是旅之最佳位置：有居所、有資、有人助。
The second SIX shows the stranger, occupying his lodging-house, carrying with him his means of livelihood, and provided with good and trusty servants.
得童僕貞，終無尤也。
得童僕之忠誠，終究無過失。
旅焚其次，喪其童僕貞，厲。
旅人燒了客棧，喪失了童僕的忠誠，危險。陽剛在三而過剛，失客之道，自焚其居、失其僕。
The third NINE shows the stranger burning his lodging-house, and having lost his servants. However firm and correct he (try to) be, he will be in a perilous position.
旅焚其次，亦以傷矣。以旅與下，其義喪也。
旅焚其次，已是傷害。以旅人之身對下傲慢，是失其義。
旅于處，得其資斧，我心不快。
旅人有了居處，得到財資和工具，但內心不快。陽剛居陰位，雖有所得而不安於旅，思歸之心生。
The fourth NINE shows the traveller in a resting-place, having (also) the means of livelihood and the axe (to defend himself), (but he says), 'I am not yet at ease in my mind.'
旅于處，未得位也。得其資斧，心未快也。
旅而有處，是未得正位。得其資斧，是心未快樂。
射雉一矢亡，終以譽命。
射雉鳥而一箭命中（殺一以得多），最終獲得讚譽和爵命。柔得尊位於離（明）之中，以小施而獲大譽，旅之大成。
The fifth SIX shows its subject shooting a pheasant. He will lose his arrow, but in the end he will obtain praise and a (high) charge.
終以譽命，上逮也。
終獲讚譽和爵命，是達到上層。
鳥焚其巢，旅人先笑後號咷。喪牛于易，凶。
鳥燒了它的巢，旅人先笑後號哭。在邊邑（易）失了牛，凶。陽剛居旅之極而過，失家失牛，旅之最凶。
The topmost NINE suggests the idea of a bird burning its nest. The stranger, (thus represented), first laughs and then cries out. He has lost his ox(-like docility) too readily and easily. There will be evil.
以旅在上，其義焚也。喪牛于易，終莫之聞也。
以旅人之身居於最上，是必焚之義。失牛於邊邑，最終無人知曉。
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
客·慎·速
Guest · cautious · swift
旅卦重在明白自己是客，也重在明慎行事。出差、移居、新崗位、新國家，都是旅。旅之道在謙下、不貪、不傲。最高境是六二「即次懷資得童僕」，有依、有資、有助。最該避免上九「焚巢」，以客之身傲視主人。
Lyu's core teaching is knowing you are the guest, together with wise caution. Travel, relocation, a new job, a new country — all are forms of wandering. The way: be humble, don't grasp, don't presume. Best is line 2, 'lodging, means, servants' — shelter, resources, help. Avoid line 6, 'the bird burns its nest': arrogance against the host destroys you.
上九「鳥焚其巢」對全球化時代格外貼切，許多移民、跨國高管、海歸創業者因「客欺主」而毀。在他人之地必須記住「我是客」三字，方能久安。
Line 6, 'the bird burns its nest,' fits the global era well: many immigrants, expat executives, and returning entrepreneurs fail by 'the guest bullying the host.' In another's place, remember 'I am the guest' — only that allows lasting stability.
王弼以為旅卦的核心在「在外不為主」，旅人不是主人，是客。客之道在於「柔順」「下下之德」「不爭」。旅之初六最忌「瑣瑣」（貪小），上九最忌「焚巢」（自毀其家）。讀此卦最該記住「旅貞吉」，旅之吉在守正而非取勢。
Wang Bi takes the core of Lyu to be 'abroad, one is not the master' — the traveler is not host but guest. The guest's way lies in yielding compliance, in the virtue of placing oneself below, and in not contending. What line 1 must avoid most is pettiness (grasping at small gains); what the top line must avoid most is burning the nest (destroying one's own shelter). What most deserves remembering is 'for the wanderer, correctness brings good fortune' — the traveler's fortune lies in holding to what is right, not in seizing advantage.
程子強調旅卦的爻辭多以「次」（旅店）為焦點，旅人之安在於有所棲。六二「即次懷資得童僕」是旅之最佳；九三「焚其次喪童僕」是旅之自毀。最高境是六五「一矢射雉終以譽命」，旅人能以小成而獲大譽。
Cheng Yi stresses that the line statements of Lyu center on the lodging (ci) — the traveler's security lies in having somewhere to rest. Line 2, 'reaching the inn, carrying his means, gaining loyal servants,' is the traveler at his best; line 3, 'burning his inn, losing his servants,' is the traveler destroying himself. The highest position is line 5, 'one arrow at the pheasant, and in the end praise and appointment' — the traveler winning great honor through a small success.
朱子直言：旅，羈旅也。山上有火，火行而山止，山有其常而火為之客，故為旅。學者讀此卦最該注意大象「明慎用刑而不留獄」，旅之喻於治國：刑罰要明且速，不可拖延。又當牢記上九「鳥焚其巢」，居高而傲於旅人之身，必失其家。
Zhu Xi puts it plainly: Lyu means sojourning. Fire on the mountain: the fire travels on while the mountain stays; the mountain has its constancy and the fire is its guest, hence the wanderer. What the student should note most is the Da Xiang, 'clear-sighted and careful in the use of punishments, letting no case linger' — the hexagram's lesson for governing: penalties must be clear and swift, never dragged out. And bear firmly in mind the top line, 'the bird burns its nest': to sit high and haughty while in a traveler's position is to lose one's home.
旅是在外作客。山上有火，山不動，火燒過去就走，主客之分一望便知。客的本分，先是把身段放低，再是不貪。初六「旅瑣瑣」，出門在外還斤斤計較小便宜，災是自己招來的；上九「鳥焚其巢」更重，客居而傲，把棲身之處都燒了。正面的樣子在六二「旅即次，懷其資，得童僕貞」：住處安頓好，盤纏帶足，身邊有靠得住的人，出差外派也好，客居他鄉也好，做到這幾樣就穩了。六五「射雉，一矢亡，終以譽命」講客中成事：一支箭換來名譽與位分，旅人不求大取，反而得大。
Lyu is being a guest away from home. Fire on the mountain: the mountain doesn't move; the fire burns through and moves on — one glance tells you who is host and who is guest. A guest's duty: first keep your posture low, then don't grasp. Line 1, 'the wanderer, petty and small' — out in the world and still haggling over small advantages, the disaster is self-invited. The top line, 'the bird burns its nest,' is heavier: a guest who turns arrogant burns down the very place that shelters him. The positive picture is line 2, 'the wanderer reaches the inn, carries his means, gains loyal servants': lodging settled, funds sufficient, reliable people at your side. Business trip, overseas posting, or life in a foreign place — secure those and you are steady. Line 5, 'shooting the pheasant, one arrow lost, in the end praise and appointment,' is about getting things done as a guest: one arrow traded for honor and standing. The traveler who doesn't grab for much ends up gaining much.
客居在外，旅人、旅行者。卦名「旅」講的正是身為異鄉之客的處境。
To sojourn as a guest abroad; the traveler, the wanderer — the hexagram's name and condition.
瑣碎、卑下，貪圖小利的樣子。初六「旅瑣瑣」寫的是自招災禍的心態。
Petty, mean — grasping at small things.
客棧、住宿之處。六二「旅即次」是旅人到了可以落腳的地方。
Lodging, an inn — a resting place on the road.
盤纏、財物。六二「懷其資」是說旅人身邊帶著足夠的錢財。
Means, travel money.
隨行的僕從。六二得童僕之忠誠，是旅途安穩的條件之一。
Attendants, servants — the traveler's help.
錢財與防身的斧具，指旅途所需的資源與工具。九四「得其資斧」是有所得卻仍心不安。
Means and the axe — resources plus tools (or self-defense).
野雞。六五「射雉」以此為喻，講小成而獲大譽。
Pheasant.
箭。六五「一矢亡」是說射雉時失了一支箭。
Arrow.
名譽與官職任命。六五「終以譽命」是說最終得到讚譽和爵位。
Praise and appointment — reputation together with an official charge.
地名，邊境小邑；也可讀作「輕易、疏忽」之意。上九「喪牛于易」取此雙關。
A border town (place name); also read as 'carelessly, too easily.'
放聲大哭。上九「先笑後號咷」寫旅人由喜轉悲的轉折。
To wail aloud.
第五十五卦豐與第五十六卦旅為一對綜卦，豐極為旅，散而漂泊。豐是極盛之時、旅是失家之客。讀此卦理應與豐卦並讀。中國史上不乏「豐而後旅」之例：王朝衰後流離、家族敗後漂泊、企業大後離散。
Hexagram 55 Feng and Hexagram 56 Lyu are each other's inverse — abundance at its extreme becomes wandering, dispersal and drift. Feng is the hour of fullness; Lyu is the guest who has lost his home. Read this hexagram together with Feng. Chinese history is full of 'abundance, then wandering': dynasties decaying into exile, families failing into drift, enterprises growing large and then scattering.
大象「君子以明慎用刑而不留獄」講的是刑要明（清楚）、要慎（謹慎）、不可留（拖延），是中國司法史上常被引用的一句理想。後世「速決勿留」「久訟必怨」，說的也是這個道理。
The Da Xiang's 'the superior man is clear-sighted and careful in the use of punishments, and lets no case linger in prison' calls for penalties that are clear (ming), careful (shen), and never held over (bu liu) — a line often cited as an ideal in the history of Chinese justice. Later maxims such as 'decide swiftly, do not hold over' and 'a long lawsuit breeds resentment' carry the same idea.
六二「旅即次懷其資得童僕貞」寫的是旅人理想的狀態，有住所、有財、有忠誠的助手。後世「家有萬金不如腳下千金」「在家千日好出門一日難」，說的也是這種在外的難處與所求。
Line 2's 'the wanderer reaches the inn, carries his means, gains loyal servants' is the Chinese ideal of the traveler's condition — lodging, funds, and faithful helpers. Later sayings such as 'ten thousand in gold at home is worth less than a thousand carried on the road' and 'a thousand easy days at home, one hard day away' answer to it.
上九「鳥焚其巢」是「客大欺主」的警戒，以旅人之身居於最高位而傲視主人，必自毀其巢。中國史上不乏「客將」「外戚」「外姓」的覆滅之例，都可以此爻為鏡。
The top line's 'the bird burns its nest' is China's deepest warning against 'the guest grown big bullying the host' — a traveler seated in the highest place, looking down on his host, destroys his own nest. Chinese history has many ruined 'guest generals,' imperial in-laws, and outsiders of other surnames; this line is their mirror.
「明慎用刑而不留獄」之意？後世司法為何常引這句話？
What does 'wise caution in penalty, no lingering case' mean? Why is this line so often cited in later thinking about justice?
為何六二「即次懷資得童僕」是旅人最佳之態？三項缺一可乎？
Why is 'lodging, means, servants' the best state for a traveler? Could you do without any one of these three?
用上九「鳥焚其巢」評論一個你看見過「客欺主」之例。
Use line 6 'bird burns its nest' to comment on an example of 'guest bullying host' you've seen.