日中則昃，盈滿為豐
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
雷電皆至，豐
(The trigram representing) thunder and that for lightning combine to form Feng.
君子以折獄致刑。
The superior man, in accordance with this, decides cases of litigation and apportions punishments with exactness.
雷與電都來——豐之象。君子由此體會：要明斷案件、施以刑罰。明（離）以照察、動（震）以決斷，是治獄之道。
(The trigram representing) thunder and that for lightning combine to form Feng. The superior man, in accordance with this, decides cases of litigation and apportions punishments with exactness.
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
豐，亨。王假之，勿憂，宜日中。
豐卦——亨通。君王至於此，勿須憂愁，宜於正午之時。豐盛之極不可長保，當珍惜當下而知節。
Feng intimates progress and development. When a king has reached the point (which the name denotes) there is no occasion to be anxious (through fear of a change). Let him be as the sun at noon.
豐，大也。明以動，故豐。王假之，尚大也。勿憂宜日中，宜照天下也。日中則昃，月盈則食，天地盈虛，與時消息，而況於人乎？況於鬼神乎？
豐就是大。明（離）而動（震），所以豐盛。「王假之」是崇尚大。「勿憂宜日中」是宜於普照天下。日到正午就會西斜，月盈滿就會虧蝕——天地的盈虛皆與時消長，何況人事？何況鬼神？
Feng denotes greatness. It is intelligence going on to be followed by movement — this produces its greatness. When the sun has reached the meridian height it begins to decline. When the moon has become full, it begins to wane.
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
遇其配主，雖旬無咎，往有尚。
遇到匹配的主人——雖然十日相處也無咎，前往有所崇尚。陽剛之始遇九四（同類相應），雖位異而能合。
The first NINE shows its subject meeting with his mate. Though they are both of the same character, there will be no error. Advance will be attended with admiration.
雖旬無咎，過旬災也。
雖然十日無咎，過了十日就有災。
豐其蔀，日中見斗，往得疑疾，有孚發若，吉。
豐盛了它的遮蔽，正午時見到北斗星——前往會被人懷疑為病，但有誠信顯露則吉。明被陰蔽——正午也黑暗，唯有以誠破疑。
The second SIX shows its subject surrounded by so dense a screen that at midday he can see from it the constellation of the Bushel. If he go (and try to enlighten his ruler), he will be regarded with suspicion and dislike. Let him cherish his feeling of sincere devotion that he may thereby move (his ruler's mind), and there will be good fortune.
有孚發若，信以發志也。
有誠信而發露，是以信發其志。
豐其沛，日中見沫，折其右肱，無咎。
豐盛了它的旆飾（更深的遮蔽），正午時見到小星，折斷了右臂——無咎。明被深蔽——已不能用其右臂之能，但無咎於外。
The third NINE shows its subject with (an screen of) banners so full and dense, that at midday he can see (from it the small) Mei stars. (In the darkness) he breaks his right arm; but there will be no error.
豐其沛，不可大事也。折其右肱，終不可用也。
豐其旆飾，不可做大事。折其右臂，終究不可用。
豐其蔀，日中見斗，遇其夷主，吉。
豐盛了它的遮蔽，正午時見到北斗——遇到平等的主，吉。陽剛在四而能下應初九（夷主），同氣相求則吉。
The fourth NINE shows its subject in a position like that of the second line in the densely shaded condition that has been described, but at midday he sees from it the constellation of the Bushel. If he meet with the subject like himself, there will be good fortune.
豐其蔀，位不當也。日中見斗，幽不明也。遇其夷主，吉行也。
豐其遮蔽，是位不當。正午見斗，是隱晦不明。遇平等之主，是吉行。
來章，有慶譽，吉。
招來文章（來自下卦離火之明），有慶賀和聲譽，吉。柔居尊位能引下之賢，故大吉。豐之主在此爻。
The fifth SIX shows its subject bringing around him the men of brilliant ability. There will be occasion for congratulation and praise. There will be good fortune.
六五之吉，有慶也。
六五的吉，是有慶事。
豐其屋，蔀其家，闚其戶，闃其無人，三歲不覿，凶。
豐盛了房屋，遮蔽了家——窺其門戶寂靜無人，三年不見人——凶。豐之極反為孤——華麗外表內已空虛。
The topmost SIX shows its subject with his house made large, but only serving as a screen to his household. When he looks at his door, it is still, and there is nobody about it. For three years no one is seen by him. There will be evil.
豐其屋，天際翔也。闚其戶，闃其無人，自藏也。
豐其屋，是上飛於天際。窺其戶寂靜無人，是自我隱藏。
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
明·動·知止
Bright · move · know to stop
豐卦最大的應用：「日中則昃」+「來章有慶」。豐盛之時要記住盛極而衰是天理（不是悲觀，是清醒）。最該避免上六「闚其戶闃其無人」——華麗外表下的孤獨。最高境是六五「來章」——盛時引賢共享。
Feng's deepest applications: 'sun at noon then declines' + 'calling forth talent shares blessing'. In abundance, remember decline is natural law (not pessimism, just clarity). Avoid line 6's 'looking through doors finds emptiness' — glamour without people. Peak: line 5's 'attract talent' — share prosperity through inclusion.
上六「豐其屋蔀其家」是最深的警示——許多企業家、藝術家、政治家盛極之後孤立而衰，都是此爻的活鏡。豐而能下、豐而能容，方不入此境。
Line 6 'mansion abundant, household screened' — countless entrepreneurs, artists, politicians peak then collapse into isolation. This line is their living mirror. Abundance that can stay open, abundance that can include — only this avoids the trap.
王弼以為豐卦的核心在「明動相須」——下離明、上震動，明而後動所以豐。然彖傳「日中則昃，月盈則食」是中國最深的「物極必反」之警——豐之極即衰之始。讀此卦最該記住「宜日中」三字——當珍惜豐盛之頂點，並知其後必有下行。
Wang Bi takes the core of Feng to be brightness and movement requiring each other — Li's clarity below, Zhen's movement above; seeing clearly and then moving is what produces abundance. Yet the Tuan's 'the sun at noon begins to slant; the moon once full begins to wane' is China's deepest warning that things reverse at their extreme — the height of abundance is the beginning of decline. What most deserves remembering are the three characters 'fitting at noon' (yi ri zhong 宜日中): cherish the peak of abundance, and know that a descent must follow.
程子強調豐卦的爻辭多用「日中見斗」之喻——豐而見昏，是因為光明被遮蔽。豐之時最易自蔽——位高、資厚、權重之人若不能虛心則必入「日中見斗」之境。最高境是六五「來章有慶譽」——能引下之賢以共豐。
Cheng Yi stresses that the line statements of Feng return again and again to the figure of 'seeing the Bushel stars at noon' — abundance turned dark, because the light has been screened. In a time of abundance, self-screening comes easiest: those high in position, rich in resources, and heavy with power, if they cannot keep an open mind, will surely enter the state of 'seeing the Bushel at noon.' The highest position is line 5, 'calling forth the accomplished brings blessing and praise' — able to draw up the worthy below and share the abundance.
朱子直言：豐者，盛大之名。明動而豐。學者讀此卦最該記住上六「豐其屋蔀其家」——華麗的房屋反而遮蔽了家——豐到極致反為孤。後世「燈下黑」「君子之澤五世而斬」皆與此相應。
Zhu Xi puts it plainly: Feng is the name of greatness and fullness — clarity moving, hence abundance. What the student should most remember is the top line, 'he makes his house grand, and screens his household' — the splendid house itself ends up shading the family; abundance at its utmost turns to isolation. Later sayings such as 'it is darkest under the lamp' and 'a superior man's legacy is cut off within five generations' answer to this.
豐是盛大。明在下、動在上，看清了再動，事業才做得起來。但這卦操心的在後頭：豐了之後怎麼辦。彖傳說「日中則昃，月盈則食」，太陽到頂就開始西斜，這條天理誰也躲不過，所以卦辭囑咐「宜日中」，盛時要當盛時來珍惜。上六「豐其屋，蔀其家，闚其戶，闃其無人」是全卦最冷的一爻：屋子蓋得極大，往門裡一看，一個人都沒有。家族、企業做大之後，多少敗在這個空字上。解法在六五「來章，有慶譽」，位子高了就把光讓出來，招有才的人一起撐，豐纔續得下去。
Feng means greatness. Clarity below, movement above: see clearly first, then move — that is how an enterprise gets built. But this hexagram worries about what comes after: once you are full, then what? The Tuan says 'the sun at noon begins to slant; the moon once full begins to wane.' The sun starts west the moment it tops out, and no one escapes that law — which is why the Judgment instructs 'be as the sun at noon': treasure the height while you are at it. The top line, 'he makes his house grand, screens his household; he peers through the door — silent, no one there,' is the coldest line in the hexagram: the house built enormous, and one look inside finds nobody. How many families and companies, once grown big, fail on exactly that emptiness. The remedy is line 5, 'calling forth the accomplished brings blessing and praise': once the seat is high, give the light away — bring in the talented to hold it up together. That is how abundance keeps going.
Abundance, fullness, greatness — the hexagram's name and theme.
To arrive at, to reach (read gé here, not jiǎ).
The sun slanting westward after noon — decline beginning at the peak.
A screen, a covering that blocks the light.
The Bushel — the Big Dipper. Seen at noon only when one's light is screened.
Banner ornament; by extension, an even denser screen than 蔀.
Name of a small, faint star — deeper darkness than seeing the Bushel.
The upper arm — the right arm as one's working strength.
Equal, of the same rank — the 'peer lord' of line 4.
Pattern, brilliance — a figure for talent and accomplishment.
To peer, peep through.
Silent and deserted — no one there.
To see, to meet someone.
第 55 豐與第 56 旅為一對綜卦——豐極則散，散而為旅。豐是極盛之時、旅是失家之客。讀此卦理應與旅卦並讀——盛之後即是漂泊。
Hexagram 55 Feng and Hexagram 56 Lyu are each other's inverse — abundance at its extreme disperses, and dispersal becomes wandering. Feng is the hour of fullness; Lyu is the guest who has lost his home. This hexagram should be read together with Lyu: after fullness comes drifting.
彖傳「日中則昃，月盈則食，天地盈虛，與時消息」是中國形而上學的根本——盈滿即是虧蝕之始。後世道家「禍兮福所倚」、儒家「居安思危」、釋家「諸行無常」皆與此相應。
The Tuan's 'the sun at noon begins to slant; the moon once full begins to wane; heaven and earth fill and empty, waxing and waning with the seasons' is fundamental to Chinese metaphysics — fullness is itself the start of ebbing. The Daoist 'misfortune leans on fortune,' the Confucian 'in security, think of danger,' and the Buddhist 'all formations are impermanent' all answer to it.
「日中見斗」是中國最深的「自蔽」之喻——明明在最光的時刻卻見到北斗星，是因為自己被遮蔽。富人不知民苦、權者不見實情，皆此爻之鏡。
'Seeing the Bushel at noon' is China's deepest figure for self-screening — to see the Big Dipper at the brightest hour of the day means one's own light has been blocked. The rich who do not know the people's hardship, the powerful who cannot see the facts — this line is their mirror.
上六「豐其屋蔀其家闚其戶闃其無人三歲不覿凶」是極具畫面感的警句——華麗的大屋反而遮蔽了家、窺視門戶寂靜無人、三年不見人。中國史上多有富極而後孤、家大而後散之例，皆此爻之鏡。
The top line — 'he makes his house grand, screens his household, peers through the door: silent, no one there; for three years he sees no one — ominous' — is a warning of rare visual force: the splendid mansion itself shades the family; the watched door stands silent and empty. Chinese history offers many who grew rich to the utmost and ended alone, whose houses grew great and then scattered; this line is their mirror.
「日中則昃，月盈則食」之意？為何是中國「物極必反」哲學的源頭之一？
What do 'sun at noon declines, moon full then wanes' mean? Why are these a source of Chinese 'extremes reverse' metaphysics?
「日中見斗」之喻為何是中國最深的「自蔽」之鏡？
Why is 'seeing the Bushel stars at noon' the deepest Chinese mirror of self-shading?
用上六「闚其戶闃其無人」評論你看見過某位盛極而後孤的人物。
Use line 6's 'door open but empty' to comment on someone you've seen peak then collapse into isolation.