卦辭對整個卦（六條線為一組）的總體判斷。The judgment on the hexagram as a whole.
Judgment
大有：元亨。
大有卦——大亨通。一陰居尊位（六五），五陽皆歸——所以為「大有」，廣大富有。
Da You indicates that, (under the circumstances which it implies), there will be great progress and success.
第 14 卦 · Hexagram 14
大有
Da You · Great Possession (Fire over Heaven)
遏惡揚善，順天休命
上上卦upper trigram☲離 · 火 / Fire下下卦lower trigram☰乾 · 天 / Heaven
象Image
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
大象傳《大象傳》從上下卦的自然圖像推演全卦之象，再提出人事取法。The Great Image derives conduct from the two trigrams' natural images.Great Image
- 全卦成象Whole image
火在天上，大有
(The trigrams representing) heaven and (above it that of) fire form Da You.
- 人事取法Conduct
君子以遏惡揚善，順天休命。
The superior man, in accordance with this, represses what is evil and gives distinction to what is good, in accordance with the excellent will of Heaven.
火在天上——大有之象。君子由此體會：要遏止惡、宣揚善，順從天命的美好。
(The trigrams representing) heaven and (above it that of) fire form Da You. The superior man, in accordance with this, represses what is evil and gives distinction to what is good, in accordance with the excellent will of Heaven.
辭Words
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
彖傳十翼之一，直接解釋卦名、卦辭及其剛柔結構。Tuan Zhuan — explains the name, the Judgment and the line structure.
Commentary on the Judgment
大有，柔得尊位大中而上下應之，曰大有。其德剛健而文明，應乎天而時行，是以元亨。
大有——柔（六五）得尊位大中而上下五陽皆相應，所以為大有。其德剛健（乾）而文明（離），應於天而依時而行，所以大亨通。
In Da You the weak (line) has the place of honour, is grandly central, and the strong (lines) above and below respond to it. Hence comes its name of Da You. The attributes (of its component trigrams) are strength and vigour with elegance and brightness.
爻Lines
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
初九
艱
知艱無咎knowing hardship
無交害，匪咎，艱則無咎。
沒有交相為害——不是咎，知艱辛則無咎。剛起步即知艱，方能保大有。
In the first NINE there is no association with what is injurious; there is no error. If we are distressed, there will still be no error.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
大有初九，無交害也。
大有初九，沒有交相之害。
九二
車
大車能載great wagon
大車以載，有攸往，無咎。
大車能載——有所往，無咎。剛中得位、能任重致遠。
In the second NINE we have a large waggon with its load. In whatever direction advance is made, there will be no error.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
大車以載，積中不敗也。
大車承載，是因為積累於中而不敗。
九三
亨
公獻天子duke offers king
公用亨于天子，小人弗克。
公侯獻享於天子——小人辦不到（因小人不能舍其私）。剛位得正，諸侯之德。
The third NINE shows us a feudal prince presenting his offerings to the Son of Heaven. A small man would be unequal (to such a duty).
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
公用亨于天子，小人害也。
公獻於天子，小人為之則害。
九四
抑
盛而能斂abundance restrained
匪其彭，無咎。
不過於盛大（彭即盛）——無咎。能自抑於盛時是德。
The fourth NINE shows its subject keeping his great resources under restraint. There will be no error.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
匪其彭無咎，明辨晳也。
不過盛而無咎，是因為明辨而清醒。
六五
孚
信交而威trust + dignity
厥孚交如，威如，吉。
你的誠信交相而至，威儀儼然——吉。柔居尊位、誠信而有威，眾陽歸之。
The fifth SIX shows the sincerity of its subject reciprocated by that of all the others (represented in the hexagram). Let him display a proper majesty, and there will be good fortune.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
厥孚交如，信以發志也。威如之吉，易而無備也。
誠信交相，是以信發人之志。威如之吉，是平易而不必設防備。
上九
祐
自天之祐heaven's blessing
自天祐之，吉無不利。
從天而來的祐助——吉，無不利。大有之終，順天而行，獲天祐。
The topmost NINE shows its subject with help accorded to him from Heaven. There will be good fortune, advantage in every respect.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
大有上吉，自天祐也。
大有上爻之吉，是自天而來之祐。
用Use
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
大有·柔以馭剛·順天
Great possession · soft governs strong · following heaven
把象套到你的情境 · Apply the image to your situation
- 初九艱成功初期記得初心之艱——無咎。Newly successful — remember the initial hardship; no error.
- 九二車你的能力像大車，能擔重任。Your ability is a great wagon — can carry heavy loads.
- 九三亨成功後須懂得獻給更高使命，小人則囤私。After success, offer to higher purpose; small men hoard.
- 九四抑盛時能自我克制——無咎。Self-restraint in abundance — no error.
- 六五孚以誠信和威儀馭部下——大吉。Trust + dignity governs reports — great fortune.
- 上九祐順天命而行——獲天祐——大吉。Following heaven's mandate — receives blessing — great fortune.
可行的一步 · Practical move
大有卦最大的應用：「柔以治剛」+「自天祐之」。富有者的氣度在虛心容物，不在滿手抓取。最高境是六五的「厥孚交如威如」+ 上九的「自天祐之」——誠信、威儀、順天三合。
Da You's deepest applications: 'soft governs strong' + 'heaven blesses'. True abundance is empty receiving, not full grasping. Peak: line 5's 'trust + dignity' + line 6's 'heaven's blessing' — sincerity, gravity, heavenly alignment.
失手之處 · Failure mode
九三「小人弗克」是現代成功者的典型分界——同樣的高位，君子能獻於更大使命，小人只能囤積為私。讀此爻自警：富有時是道德的試金石。
Line 3's 'small men can't' — the modern divide of the successful. Same high position; the noble offers to higher purpose, the small hoards privately. Abundance is the moral test.
義理Commentary4
王弼以為大有卦的核心在「柔得尊位」——一陰居五位，五陽歸之，是「以柔治剛」的範本。富有之主必須是虛心（陰）才能容下眾剛。讀此卦最該記住「自天祐之」一語。
For Wang Bi the core of Da You is 'the soft attaining the honored seat' — one yin at the fifth place with five yang turning toward it, the model of governing the strong by softness. The master of abundance must be empty of heart (yin) to have room for so much firmness. The phrase to remember: 'from heaven comes help.'
程子強調大象「遏惡揚善，順天休命」——大有之時，最該做的是道德的辨別與引導，而非繼續積累財富。彼以六五「厥孚交如威如」為主——真正富有者既誠信又有威儀。
Cheng Yi stresses the Great Image: 'suppress evil, promote good, and follow the excellent mandate of heaven.' In a time of great possession, the task is moral discernment and guidance, not further accumulation of wealth. He takes six-in-the-fifth — 'his sincerity meets sincerity; with majesty, auspicious' — as the ruling line: the truly rich are both sincere and possessed of dignity.
朱子直言：大有者，所有之大也。卦中六五一陰居尊，眾陽皆歸——這是「中虛之主能聚」的典範。學者觀此知：富有之德全在能容、能誠、能順天。
Zhu Xi is direct: Da You means the greatness of what is possessed. In the hexagram, the single yin at the fifth place occupies the honored seat and all the yang turn to it — the model of 'a center kept empty is what gathers.' From this the student learns that the virtue of abundance lies entirely in the capacity to accommodate, to be sincere, and to follow heaven.
大有講怎麼守住富。幾個爻連起來，正好是富的一條路：初九「艱則無咎」，剛富起來還記得起家的難處，便不出錯；到九四勢頭最盛，「匪其彭」，自己收一收，不往滿處撐。全卦的主是六五，一陰居尊而五陽歸之，爻辭「厥孚交如，威如，吉」，待人以誠，眾人自然交心，威儀不怒自立。走到上九，「自天祐之，吉無不利」，順天而行，福自己會來。反面也寫在卦裡：九三「公用亨于天子，小人弗克」，同樣一份大有，落在小人手裡就撐不住，還要生害。
Da You is about how to hold on to abundance. String the lines together and they trace the road wealth has to walk: line 1, 'mindful of hardship, no blame' — newly rich but still remembering how hard the start was, you make no mistakes; by line 4 the momentum is at its fullest, and 'not at his fullest swell' means reining yourself in rather than stretching toward the brim. The master of the hexagram is six-in-the-fifth: one yin in the honored seat, five yang turning to it. Its text — 'his sincerity meets sincerity; with majesty, auspicious' — treat people with honesty and they open their hearts of themselves; real dignity stands without anger. Reach the top line and 'from heaven comes help; auspicious, nothing that does not further' — move with heaven and the blessing arrives on its own. The reverse side is also written into the hexagram: line 3, 'a duke presents his offering to the Son of Heaven; a small man cannot.' The same great abundance, landing in a small man's hands, cannot be carried — and breeds harm besides.
注解Annotation7
大有dà yǒu
Great possession — abundance on a grand scale. Not just wealth held, but the state of having much entrusted to you. The name of the hexagram.
厥jué
His, its (archaic possessive, equivalent to 其).
孚fú
Sincerity, inner truthfulness. In line 5, what draws everyone's hearts open in return.
彭péng
Swelling, at full flourish. Line 4's warning image: not at his fullest swell — restraint at the peak.
晳xī
Clear, lucid. The Xiang's word for line 4's discerning clarity — knowing exactly why to hold back.
祐yòu
Protection, blessing from above. The help that comes from heaven in the top line.
休命xiū mìng
The excellent mandate — heaven's decree in its beneficent aspect, to be followed rather than fought.
歷史Context4
同人大有成對
Tong Ren and Da You as a pair
第 13 同人與第 14 大有為一對綜卦。先有同心之人（同人），才能有廣大之富（大有）。卦序揭示：富不是靠搶來的，是靠人聚之後自然來的。
Hexagram 13, Tong Ren, and Hexagram 14, Da You, are an inverse pair. First there are people of one heart (Tong Ren), and only then great abundance (Da You). The sequence reveals: wealth is not seized — it arrives naturally once the people have gathered.
「以柔治剛」·一陰五陽之主
'Soft governs strong' — one yin among five yang
大有卦六爻中只有六五一陰，其餘五陽皆歸於它。這是「以柔治剛」的典範結構——陰位（虛、容、和）才能聚陽（剛、實、力）。後世「上善若水」「致虛守靜」之說皆與此相應。
Of the six lines of Da You, only six-in-the-fifth is yin, and the other five yang all turn to it. This is the exemplary structure of 'soft governing strong' — the yin position (empty, accommodating, harmonious) is what can gather the yang (firm, solid, forceful). Later teachings like 'the highest good is like water' and 'attain emptiness, hold stillness' all correspond to this.
「自天祐之，吉無不利」·易經唯一之語
'Heaven blesses, all is auspicious' — unique line
上九「自天祐之，吉無不利」八字，是 64 卦中最有福氣的一句——孔子在《繫辭》中專門引用解釋之。其含義是：順天命而行的真大有者，獲得天的庇佑。
The top line's eight characters — 'from heaven comes help; auspicious, nothing that does not further' — are the most blessed sentence in all 64 hexagrams; Confucius singles them out for citation and explanation in the Xi Ci (Great Treatise). The meaning: one who is truly great in possession and moves in accord with heaven's mandate receives heaven's protection.
「遏惡揚善」·富有者的道德責任
'Suppressing evil, promoting good' — the moral duty of abundance
大象「君子以遏惡揚善，順天休命」一句揭示了中國古代「富而責任」的觀念——真正的富有者不應再積累，而應分辨善惡、引導風氣。後世「為富不仁」之語的反面即此。
The Great Image — 'the superior man suppresses evil and promotes good, following the excellent mandate of heaven' — reveals the ancient Chinese notion of 'wealth entails responsibility': the truly rich should accumulate no further, but instead discern good from evil and guide the common ethos. It is the exact opposite of the later phrase 'rich and therefore ruthless.'
練習Practice3
- char-recall
「自天祐之」之意？孔子為何特別重視此句？
What does 自天祐之 (zi tian you zhi) mean? Why did Confucius emphasize it?
- parse
為何「以柔治剛」（一陰居尊）是大有之主結構？
Why is 'soft governs strong' the core structure of Da You?
- line-read
用九三「公用亨于天子，小人弗克」評論一個你見過將成功獻於更大目的的人。
Use line 3 to comment on someone who offered their success to a higher purpose.