六十四卦中唯一六爻皆吉的卦
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
地中有山，謙
(The trigram representing the) earth and in the midst of it (that representing) a mountain form Khien.
君子以裒多益寡，稱物平施。
The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes what is excessive (in himself), and increases where there is any defect, bringing about an equality, according to the nature of the case, in his treatment (of himself and others).
大地裡面藏著山——這就是謙的象。君子效法：把多的減掉、把少的補上，權衡事物、公平分配。山本身很高，但甘願藏在地裡——這是真正的謙。
(The trigram representing the) earth and in the midst of it (that representing) a mountain form Khien. The superior man, in accordance with this, diminishes what is excessive (in himself), and increases where there is any defect, bringing about an equality, according to the nature of the case, in his treatment (of himself and others).
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
謙：亨，君子有終。
謙——通達。君子保有謙，就能把事情做到完成。全部六十四卦裡，只有謙是六爻皆吉；這不是偶然，是教學。
Khien indicates progress and success. The superior man, (being humble as it implies), will have a (good) issue (to his undertakings).
謙：亨，天道下濟而光明，地道卑而上行。天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙。謙尊而光，卑而不可踰，君子之終也。
謙是通達的——天道往下運行而顯得光明，地道處在低位卻能往上運行。天道會削減盈滿的、補益謙虛的；地道會改變盈滿的、流向謙虛的；鬼神會減損盈滿的、賜福於謙虛的；人情也厭惡盈滿的、喜歡謙虛的。謙讓居尊位仍能光大，居卑位也沒人能越過它——這就是君子能把事情做到完成的道理。
'Khien indicates progress and success:'—it is the way of heaven to send down its beneficial influences below, where they are brilliantly displayed. It is the way of earth, lying low, to send its influences upwards and (there) to act. It is the way of heaven to diminish the full and augment the humble. It is the way of earth to overthrow the full and replenish the humble. Spiritual Beings inflict calamity on the full and bless the humble. It is the way of men to hate the full and love the humble. Humility in a position of honour makes that still more brilliant; and in a low position men will not (seek to) pass beyond it. Thus it is that 'the superior man will have a (good) issue (to his undertakings).'
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
謙謙君子，用涉大川，吉。
謙上加謙的君子——用這種態度渡過大河（做大事），吉。起步就謙，是最好的出發姿態。
The first SIX, divided, shows us the superior man who adds humility to humility. (Even) the great stream may be crossed with this, and there will be good fortune.
謙謙君子，卑以自牧也。
謙謙君子——用卑下之位來自我修養。
'The superior man adds humility to humility:'—in his low position he keeps himself (still) under (self-)restraint.
鳴謙，貞吉。
謙到已經有名聲了——守正，吉。謙虛的名聲自然傳開，但不要因此飄起來；守住原本的謙。
The second SIX, divided, shows us humility that has made itself recognised. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.
鳴謙貞吉，中心得也。
鳴謙貞吉——這是從內心深處得來的。
'Humility that has made itself recognised, with firm correctness, will bring good fortune:'—this is due to his possessing in himself (the virtue indicated).
勞謙，君子有終，吉。
勞苦而仍保持謙——君子能把事情做到完成，吉。九三是全卦唯一陽爻，代表真正有實力的人；有實力而仍謙，是謙的核心教學。
The third NINE, undivided, shows the superior man of (acknowledged) merit. He will maintain his success to the end, and have good fortune.
勞謙君子，萬民服也。
勞謙的君子——萬民都歸服。
'The superior man of acknowledged merit and yet humble:'—all people will submit to him.
无不利，撝謙。
沒有不利——發揮謙、推廣謙到各處。謙不只是守住，還可以主動地把謙延伸到更廣的範圍。
The fourth SIX, divided, shows one, whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirring up (the more) his humility.
无不利撝謙，不違則也。
无不利撝謙——不違背法則。
'One, whose action would be in every way advantageous, stirs up the more his humility:'—he does not fail to conform to the (proper) rule.
不富，以其鄰，利用侵伐，无不利。
自己不炫耀富有——以與鄰人協力為重。在這個位置上用兵征討是有利的；無不利。領導者不擺富，反而有力量號召眾人。
The fifth SIX, divided, shows one who, without being rich, is able to employ his neighbours. He may advantageously use the force of arms. All his movements will be advantageous.
利用侵伐，征不服也。
利用侵伐——是去征伐不服的。
'It will be advantageous to use the force of arms:'—correcting, that is, those who do not submit.
鳴謙，利用行師，征邑國。
謙到已經有名聲了——此時用兵是有利的，去征討邑國（自己分內不服的部分）。即使在最高位，謙不是終止，而是可以轉化為行動的根據。
The topmost SIX, divided, shows us humility that has made itself recognised. Its subject will with advantage put his hosts in motion; but (he will only punish) his own towns and state.
鳴謙，志未得也。可用行師，征邑國也。
鳴謙——是志願還未達成；可以用兵，是去征邑國。
'Humility that has made itself recognised:'—but his wishes have not yet been carried into effect. He can 'put his hosts in motion,' but (he will only punish) 'his own towns and state.'
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
一座山，藏在大地之下——最高的力量不外露。
A mountain, hidden within the earth — the greatest force unexpressed.
謙不是退讓，是把力量藏在地下——地上不露但仍在。定位你的情境：初爻進場就謙；六二有名聲不飄；九三有實力仍讓；六四主動讓位；六五有位不擺；上六該行就行。謙最難的一關在九三——有實力的時候還能謙，才是勞謙的核心。
Modesty is not retreat — it is force stored below ground. Locate your situation: line 1, enter humbly; line 2, stay grounded under recognition; line 3, capability with restraint (the crux); line 4, actively yield space; line 5, authority without display; line 6, act decisively when the moment demands. The hardest test is line 3 — remaining humble when you actually have power.
把謙讀成「永遠退讓、永遠不出手」——這是錯的。六五、上六都明確說可以「利用侵伐」、「利用行師」。謙不等於不行動；謙是在行動和不行動之間保持的姿態——該出手時照出手，出手後不居功。
Reading Modesty as 'never act, never take ground' is wrong. Lines 5 and 6 explicitly authorize using force. Modesty is not inaction; it's the posture held through both action and stillness — act when you must, don't claim credit after.
謙，德之柄也。……艮為山，山體高峻而卑於地，故為謙之象。凡以高下而能以卑自處者，其德不窮也。
Humility is the handle of virtue. … Gen is mountain — the mountain's body is high and steep, yet it sits below the earth. So this is the image of Modesty. Whoever can hold a high position while placing themselves low — their virtue is inexhaustible.
艮下坤上，止於其下而順於其上，是為謙之義。六爻皆吉，無有疵者，惟謙一卦而已。蓋謙德之至，無施而不可也。
Gen below, Kun above — stopping below and compliant above. This is the meaning of Modesty. All six lines are auspicious without flaw — only Modesty among the 64 hexagrams has this quality. When humility reaches this pitch, there is no situation in which it does not serve.
謙的象是地中有山。山高過一切，這卦卻讓整座山沉在地面之下：力量還在，只是收著不露。所以謙的前提是先得有那座山，沒有實力的低姿態只算矮，算不上謙。 六十四卦裡唯有謙卦六爻全吉，連一句凶咎的警告都沒有，緣故是謙這個姿態擺在哪個位置都不礙事。起步時它是最穩的入場；有了名聲，它讓名聲吹不起你；九三以全卦唯一的陽爻居下卦之頂，「勞謙，君子有終，吉」，有實績還肯居下，功勞纔守得住。拿乾卦一對照更清楚：乾是六個時位一路推進，吉凶相雜；謙把同一種姿態放進六個情境，處處走得通。只是別把謙讀成退讓。六五「利用侵伐」，上六「利用行師」，該動兵時照樣動兵。謙收起來的是鋒芒，手上的力一分沒少。
The image of Modesty is a mountain inside the earth. A mountain rises above everything, yet this hexagram sinks the whole of it below ground: the force is intact, just kept from view. Modesty therefore presupposes the mountain — a low posture without real substance is merely being short, not being modest. Among the sixty-four hexagrams only Modesty has all six lines auspicious, without a single warning of misfortune, because this posture causes no harm wherever it stands. At the outset it is the steadiest entrance; once reputation comes, it keeps the fame from inflating you; line 3, the hexagram's only yang line at the top of the lower trigram, reads 'toiling in modesty — the gentleman carries things through, auspicious': real achievement held with a low bearing is what lets the credit last. Set Qian, the first hexagram, alongside for contrast: Qian drives forward through six stages with fortunes mixed, while Modesty puts one posture into six situations and passes through each unharmed. Only do not mistake it for retreat. Line 5 says 'favorable to invade and attack'; line 6, 'favorable to set the army marching' — when arms are called for, the modest still take up arms. What modesty sheathes is the glare; the strength in hand loses nothing.
Humility, modesty. 言 (speech) + 兼 (both / combining). A quality that holds force without flaunting it.
To labor; toil; merit earned by effort. In line 3: the person who has actually worked — and still doesn't flaunt it.
To sound, resound, call; here: 'to have one's reputation sound outward.' The humility that's seen isn't broken — but test: does recognition inflate you?
To wave, brandish, extend; here: 'stirring up more humility' — active cultivation, not passive retention.
Reduce the excess, add to the deficient. The 大象 formula for how 謙 operates — it balances, equalizes.
六十四卦中唯一一卦：六爻爻辭全部沒有凶險的警告。這在《易經》的結構中是特殊的信號——謙作為一種品質，在任何時位都是對的。
Modesty is the only hexagram among 64 whose six line statements carry no warning of danger or misfortune. In the Yijing's structure this is a deliberate signal — humility as a quality is correct in every position and time.
艮為山，坤為地。山本來是最高的，但此卦把山放在地之下——不是消滅山，是把山的力量藏起來、不外顯。這是謙的典型象。
Gen is mountain, Kun is earth. The mountain is normally the highest thing, but here it sits beneath the earth — not erased, just unseen. The signature image of Modesty: force preserved by being hidden.
謙翻過來是豫（第十六卦雷地豫）。豫是「大為喜悅」，是外放的情緒。古典註疏認為：謙與豫是一個內收、一個外放的對照——真正的喜悅要建立在謙的基礎上。
Flip Modesty upside down and you get Yu (Hexagram 16, Enthusiasm). Yu is outward joy; Modesty is inward restraint. Classical commentary reads them as complementary — genuine joy rests on the foundation of humility.
最近你哪一次應該展現實力卻沒有？用謙卦的角度看，你在哪一爻？
Recently, when should you have shown your strength but didn't? Through the lens of Modesty — which line were you on?
辨認下列字的意思：謙、勞、鳴、撝、裒。
Identify the meaning of each character: 謙 (qiān), 勞 (láo), 鳴 (míng), 撝 (huī), 裒 (póu).
「勞謙，君子有終，吉」—為什麼勞在謙之前？九三的象是什麼？
In 勞謙，君子有終，吉 (láo qiān, jūnzǐ yǒu zhōng, jí — 'toil yet humble, the gentleman carries it through to the end, auspicious') — why does 勞 (toil) precede 謙 (humility)? What is the image of line 3?