Hexagram 43 · 第 43 卦

夬

Guai · Lake over Heaven

決斷·五陽逼一陰·穀雨之卦

上卦upper 兌 ☱ · 澤 / Lake下卦lower 乾 ☰ · 天 / Heaven
錯卦把每一爻都翻轉（陽↔陰）後得到的另一卦。The inverse-line hexagram: every line flipped.Opposite
第 23 卦 剝
綜卦把整個卦上下顛倒後得到的另一卦。The reversed hexagram: flipped top-to-bottom.Inverse
第 44 卦 姤
互卦由原卦二、三、四爻 + 三、四、五爻組成的中間卦。The nuclear hexagram: built from lines 2-3-4 and 3-4-5 of the original.Nuclear
第 1 卦 乾

卦辭與彖傳

Judgment and its commentary

先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。Read the received text first, then its Tuan commentary.

經
卦辭對整個卦（六條線為一組）的總體判斷。The judgment on the hexagram as a whole.
Judgment

夬：揚于王庭，孚號有厲。告自邑，不利即戎，利有攸往。

夬——在王庭公開揚言（指出罪過）；誠信地號召但仍有危險。從自己的城邑開始公告—不適合立即動武，但利於有所行動。 夬是五陽逼一陰、決斷 / 清除 / 揭露的時刻。要在公開場合而非暗中、要從自己開始而非對外興兵。

Guai requires (in him who would fulfil its conditions) the exhibition (of the culprit's guilt) in the royal court, and a sincere and earnest appeal (for sympathy and support), with a consciousness of the peril (involved in cutting off the criminal). He should (also) make announcement in his own city, and show that it will not be well to have recourse at once to arms. (In this way) there will be advantage in whatever he shall go forward to.

James Legge · 1899
傳
彖傳十翼之一，直接解釋卦名、卦辭及其剛柔結構。Tuan Zhuan — commentary explaining the name, Judgment, and line structure.
Commentary on the Judgment

夬，決也，剛決柔也。健而說，決而和。「揚于王庭」，柔乘五剛也；「孚號有厲」，其危乃光也。「告自邑，不利即戎」，所尚乃窮也。「利有攸往」，剛長乃終也。

夬—決斷。剛決斷柔。健而悅、決而和。「揚于王庭」—一柔乘在五剛之上（要公開處理）。「孚號有厲」—其危險反而顯出光明。「告自邑、不利即戎」—用武的路已經走到盡頭。「利有攸往」—剛長才能完成。

Guai is the symbol of breaking through, (the strong breaking through the weak). (We see in the figure) the attribute of strength directing that of complacency. There is breaking through and the harmony (that ensues thereon). 'The exhibition (of the culprit's guilt) in the royal court' is suggested by (the one) weak (line) being mounted on five strong lines. 'There has been a sincere and earnest appeal, but with a consciousness of the peril involved':—the danger thus indicated is the way to make the (method) brilliant. 'He should make an announcement in his own city, and show that it will not be well to have recourse at once to arms':—(if he had recourse to arms), what he prefers would (soon) be exhausted. 'There will be advantage in whatever he shall go forward to':—when the growth of the strong (lines) has been completed, there will be an end (to the divisions of the figure).

James Legge · 1899

大象傳《大象傳》從上下卦的自然圖像推演全卦之象，再提出人事取法。它不是《彖傳》的續文。The Great Image derives conduct from the two trigrams' natural images; it is not a continuation of the Tuan.

Great Image Commentary

上下卦取象 → 全卦成象 → 人事取法Trigrams → whole image → conduct

上下卦Trigrams
☱兌 · 澤Upper · Lake
☰乾 · 天Lower · Heaven
全卦成象Whole image

澤上於天，夬

(The trigram representing) the waters of a marsh mounted up to the heavens forms Guai.

人事取法Conduct

君子以施祿及下，居德則忌。

The superior man, in accordance with this, bestows emolument on those below him, and dislikes allowing his gifts to accumulate (undispensed).

澤在天上—夬之象。君子仿此—施予俸祿給在下者、自居美德則是禁忌。 （澤上於天—水蓄積將要傾瀉 = 該給出 / 該釋放的時候。但不可以此自居為「我給了多少」—自居之德反為不德。）

James Legge · 1899
六爻意象導覽Six-line image guide
由六爻爻辭整理 · 點選可跳至原文 · Editorial guide · select a stage to read the line

本站導讀，不屬《大象傳》原文；用來預覽本卦六爻由初至上的意象變化。An editorial preview of the six line images, not part of the Great Image Commentary.

中性位neutral主爻 · 青灰ruling line過盈之爻 · 朱砂overshot
爻辭針對單獨一條線的判斷，每卦有六條。閱讀次序：初爻 → 上爻。卦象本身則由下而上排列。Line statements — one per line, six per hexagram. Reading order is 初 → 上 (top to bottom on the page). The hexagram itself is drawn bottom-up — see the rail.
Line statements · 初 → 上 · reading order
小象十翼之一。對每一條爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on each line. inline beneath each line
初九
Line 1 · 第 1 爻 · yang陽

壯于前趾，往不勝為咎。

強在腳趾前端—前進不能勝利反成過失。 初九急於前進但力量不足。決斷之初不應從末端用力。

The first NINE, undivided, shows its subject in the pride of strength advancing with his toes. He goes forward, but will not succeed:—there will be ground for blame.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

不勝而往，咎也。

不能勝卻還前進—是過失。

'He goes forward, though he cannot succeed':—this is an error.

九二
Line 2 · 第 2 爻 · yang陽

惕號，莫夜有戎，勿恤。

警戒地呼號—即使夜裡有兵戎也不用憂慮。 九二居中而警—隨時戒備反而安全。

The second NINE, undivided, shows its subject full of apprehension and appealing for sympathy and help. Late at night hostile measures may be (taken against him), but he need not be anxious about them.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

有戎勿恤，得中道也。

有戎不憂—得到中道。

'Although hostile measures be taken, he need not be anxious':—he pursues the course of the due Mean.

九三
Line 3 · 第 3 爻 · yang陽

壯于頄，有凶。君子夬夬獨行，遇雨若濡，有慍，无咎。

強在顴骨—有凶。君子決斷而獨行，遇雨像被淋濕，有慍怒—但無咎。 九三過剛而表露在臉上（顴骨）—凶險。但真君子即使獨行 / 被誤解，也能守住自己。

The third NINE, undivided, shows its subject (about to advance) with strong (and angry) looks. There will be evil. But while the superior man is bent on cutting off (the criminal), if he happen to be alone and meet with rain, and be (as it were) wet by it, (so that he is the object of resentment to his friends), there will be no error in the end.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

君子夬夬，終无咎也。

君子決而又決—最終無咎。

'The superior man looks bent on cutting off (the criminal)':—in the end there will be no error.

九四
Line 4 · 第 4 爻 · yang陽

臀无膚，其行次且。牽羊悔亡，聞言不信。

臀部沒有皮—走路困難。牽著羊走後悔消失，但聽到勸言也不相信。 九四進退兩難（坐立不安）—應該跟著強者一起走（牽羊）才沒後悔；但此位多不信他人之言。

The fourth NINE, undivided, shows one from whose buttocks the skin has been stripped, and who walks slowly and with difficulty. (If he could act) like a sheep led (after its companions), occasion for repentance would disappear; but though he hear these words, he will not believe them.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

其行次且，位不當也；聞言不信，聰不明也。

走路困難—位不當；聽言不信—聰而不明。

'He walks slowly and with difficulty':—he is not in his proper place. 'He hears these words, but does not believe them':—he hears, but does not understand.

九五
Line 5 · 第 5 爻 · yang陽

莧陸夬夬，中行无咎。

像莧陸草一樣容易被拔除—決斷而又決斷。中道而行—無咎。 九五居君位—對上六那條陰爻的處理方式是決斷而守中道。

The fifth NINE, undivided, shows (one dealing with his subject as he would with) a bed of purslain, which ought to be uprooted with the utmost determination. (The subject of the line having such determination), his action, in harmony with his central position, will lead to no error.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

中行无咎，中未光也。

中道而行無咎—但中道還沒發光。

'If his action be in harmony with his central position, there will be no error':—but his standing in the due Mean is not yet brilliantly displayed.

上六
Line 6 · 第 6 爻 · yin陰

无號，終有凶。

沒有號召—最終有凶。 上六是整卦唯一的陰爻—它是即將被決斷的那一條。沒有救援、孤立無援，凶。

The topmost SIX, divided, shows its subject without any (helpers) on whom to call. His end will be evil.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

无號之凶，終不可長也。

無號之凶—最終不能長久。

'The misery of having none on whom to call':—its end will be that he cannot continue any longer.

夬guài

Break through, decide, cut off. Image: five yang lines pressing against one yin — the moment of decisive breakthrough. The character also implies 'parting' / 'severance.'

揚于王庭yáng yú wáng tíng

Proclaim in the royal court — bring matters into open public space rather than handle in private.

孚號fú hào

Sincere call / appeal. The mode of dealing with breakthrough — inviting, appealing — not commanding.

頄kuí

Cheekbone. Line 3's '壯于頄' — anger or strength visible on the face. The vice of showing too much.

莧陸xiàn lù

Purslane (a soft, easily-uprooted plant). Line 5's image: dealing with the last yin as easily as uprooting weeds.

牽羊qiān yáng

Lead a sheep. Line 4's image: in some traditions, sheep follow the leader without resistance — go with the flow rather than push.