類族辨物，通天下之志
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
天與火，同人
(The trigrams representing) heaven and fire form Tong Ren.
君子以類族辨物。
The superior man, in accordance with this, distinguishes things according to their kinds and classes.
天與火——同人之象（皆向上）。君子由此體會：要分類同族、辨別事物。同人不是混同，是辨明而後合。
(The trigrams representing) heaven and fire form Tong Ren. The superior man, in accordance with this, distinguishes things according to their kinds and classes.
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
同人于野，亨。利涉大川，利君子貞。
同人於曠野——亨通。利於涉險大事，利於君子守正。同人之大者是於野，小者是於宗（家族派系）。
Tong Ren or Union of men appears here (as we find it) in the open country, indicating progress and success. It will be advantageous to (meet with) the great stream. It will be advantageous to maintain the firm correctness of the superior man.
同人，柔得位得中而應乎乾，曰同人。同人曰：「同人于野，亨，利涉大川」，乾行也。文明以健，中正而應，君子正也。唯君子為能通天下之志。
同人——柔（六二）得位得中而與乾相應，所以叫同人。卦辭「同人于野，亨，利涉大川」是乾之行也（剛健而行）。內文明（離）外剛健（乾），中正而相應，是君子之正。唯有君子能通天下之志。
In Tong Ren the weak (line) has the place (of influence), the central place, and responds to (the corresponding line in) Qian — only the superior man can comprehend and direct the (subtleties of the) minds of all under heaven.
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
同人于門，無咎。
同人於門外（剛出門就同道）——無咎。剛起步即與正道之人同。
The first NINE shows (the representative of) the union of men just issuing from his gate. There will be no error.
出門同人，又誰咎也。
出門就同人，誰能怪罪？
同人于宗，吝。
只與宗族（小圈子）同人——可惜。陰柔得中但同得太狹，是同人之失。
The second SIX shows the representative of the union of men in relation with his kindred. There will be occasion for regret.
同人于宗，吝道也。
只同於宗族，是「吝」之道。
伏戎于莽，升其高陵，三歲不興。
藏兵於草莽，登高陵窺伺——三年不能興起。剛猛而欲爭奪同人之利，反成不能。
The third NINE shows its subject with his arms hidden in the thick grass, and at the top of a high mound. (But) for three years he makes no demonstration.
伏戎于莽，敵剛也。三歲不興，安行也？
伏戎於莽，是因為敵剛強。三歲不興，安能行得通？
乘其墉，弗克攻，吉。
乘上敵人的城牆——但不能攻下，吉。能反省而知不勝即止，是吉。
The fourth NINE shows its subject mounted on the city wall, (but) not attacking (his enemy). There will be good fortune.
乘其墉，義弗克也。其吉，則困而反則也。
乘其墉，按理不能攻下。其吉，是困而能反思復則。
同人，先號咷而後笑，大師克相遇。
同人——先大哭後大笑，大軍克敵後相遇。經歷波折後真正相見。
The fifth NINE shows the representatives of the union of men first wailing and crying out, and then laughing. His great host conquers, and he (and the subject of the second line) meet together.
同人之先，以中直也。大師相遇，言相克也。
同人先哭，是以中直之故。大師相遇，是說相戰而後相合。
同人于郊，無悔。
同人於郊外（介於野與宗之間）——無悔。雖未達野之大同，但已超出宗之私，故無悔。
The topmost NINE shows the representative of the union of men in the suburbs. There will be no occasion for repentance.
同人于郊，志未得也。
同人於郊，是志向未完全實現。
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
同·辨·於野
Fellowship · distinction · in the open field
同人卦最大的應用：「於野」與「類族辨物」。真同人是公開的、辨明後的合，不是私圈、不是混合。最忌六二「同人於宗」與九三「伏戎於莽」。最高境是九五「先號咷而後笑」——真同道必經磨煉。
Tong Ren's deepest applications: 'in the open field' + 'sort by kind before joining'. True fellowship is public and post-distinction. Worst: line 2's clan and line 3's ambush. Peak: line 5's 'cry first, laugh later' — true allies must be tested.
六二「同人於宗，吝」是現代社交的典型失——只在自己舒服的小圈互動，看似得中其實格局狹。讀此爻記住：能跨出宗的人才能達到野。
Line 2 'fellowship in the clan' — the modern social default failure. Engaging only in comfortable circles, central but small. Stepping past the clan is what reaches the field.
王弼以為同人卦的核心在「於野」二字——真正的同人是公開於曠野的同道，不是宗族之私。六二雖得中，但「同人於宗」反為吝，正是反例。讀此卦最該記住「唯君子為能通天下之志」一句。
For Wang Bi the core of Tong Ren lies in the two characters yu ye 于野, 'in the open field' — true fellowship is companionship declared in the open, not the privacy of the clan. Six-in-the-second holds the central place, yet 'fellowship within the clan' brings regret — precisely the counterexample. The sentence to remember: 'only the superior man can reach through to the aspirations of all under heaven.'
程子強調大象「君子以類族辨物」——同人不是無分別的混合，是先辨明事物的類別，然後同類者相同。沒有辨而強合是亂，辨後而合才是真同人。
Cheng Yi stresses the Great Image: 'the superior man sorts the kinds and distinguishes things.' Fellowship is not indiscriminate mixing — first the categories of things are made clear, and then those of a kind join together. Forced union without distinction is disorder; union after distinction is true fellowship.
朱子直言：同人者，與人同也。卦辭「同人于野」是大同之象，不局限於私圈。九五「先號咷而後笑」是真同人之經歷——必經波折方能相遇。
Zhu Xi is direct: tong ren 同人 means being at one with others. The judgment's 'fellowship in the open field' is the image of the great community, not confined to a private circle. Line 5's 'first wailing, then laughing' is the lived course of true fellowship — only through trials do the companions finally meet.
同人講和什麼人同道，關鍵落在一個「野」字上。卦辭「同人于野，亨」，野是無遮無攔的公開地，在這裡結成的同，靠的是共同的方向。對照的是六二「同人于宗，吝」：宗是自家圈子，同宗之同再親密，格局也就到牆根為止。爻裡還藏著一個更難看的樣子，九三「伏戎于莽」，嘴上稱同道，草叢裡埋著兵——同盟裡的暗算多半從這裡開始。九五「先號咷而後笑」值得單獨記：真同道往往先隔絕、先痛哭，衝突打過了纔相遇而笑。順利得毫無波折的「同」，反而要多看兩眼。
Tong Ren is about whom you make common cause with, and the key falls on one character: ye 野, the open field. The judgment says 'fellowship in the open field: success.' The field is open ground with nothing to hide behind; a bond formed there rests on shared direction. The contrast is six-in-the-second, 'fellowship within the clan: regret' — the clan is your own circle, and however warm clan-fellowship gets, its horizon ends at the courtyard wall. The lines also hide an uglier posture: nine-in-the-third, 'troops concealed in the thicket' — calling you comrade aloud, with soldiers buried in the grass. Most betrayals inside alliances start here. Line 5, 'first wailing, then laughing,' deserves its own memory slot: true companions are usually cut off first, weep first, and only meet and laugh after the conflict has been fought through. A 'fellowship' that arrives with no turbulence at all is the one to look at twice.
Fellowship — being of one heart with others; companions on the same way. The name of the hexagram.
The open field — public, unenclosed ground. Where the largest fellowship is formed; the opposite of the clan.
The clan, one's own kin-circle — private, enclosed. Fellowship confined here brings regret.
Weapons, armed force. What line 3 hides in the grass while professing fellowship.
Thick grass, brush — the cover for the concealed troops.
City wall. Line 4 mounts it — and rightly does not press the attack.
To wail aloud, cry bitterly. The 'first' half of line 5's arc, before the laughter.
The suburbs — outside the walls but short of the open field. Fellowship past the private circle, not yet fully public.
第 13 同人（同心）與第 14 大有（富有）為一對綜卦。卦序揭示：先有同心之人，後有大有之富——財富不是孤立的，是同道之果。
Hexagram 13, Tong Ren (fellowship), and Hexagram 14, Da You (great possession), are an inverse pair. The sequence reveals: first people of one heart, then great abundance — wealth is not a solitary thing, but the fruit of fellowship.
卦辭「同人於野」是最高境，六二「同人於宗」是最狹，上九「同人於郊」是中間。三爻分別寫出同人之「大公 / 私圈 / 中間」三層，是中國群體心理學的早期觀察。
The judgment's 'fellowship in the open field' is the highest reach; line 2's 'fellowship within the clan' is the narrowest; the top line's 'fellowship in the suburbs' sits between. Together they map three levels of fellowship — the fully public, the private circle, and the in-between — an early Chinese observation in group psychology.
大象「君子以類族辨物」是中國邏輯思想的早期表達——「同」必須建立在「辨」的基礎上。沒有清楚的分類，「同人」就成了混亂。後世「物以類聚，人以群分」即與此相應。
The Great Image's 'the superior man sorts the kinds and distinguishes things' is an early expression of Chinese logical thought — union (tong 同) must rest on a foundation of distinction (bian 辨). Without clear classification, 'fellowship' collapses into confusion. The later saying 'things gather by kind, people divide by group' corresponds to this.
九五這六字是中國文學中「真朋友」的經典表達——真正的同道往往要經歷分離、誤解、磨練，最後才能相遇而笑。後世詩詞中「久別重逢」之感多源於此爻。
These six characters of line 5 became the classic expression of 'the true friend' in Chinese literature — genuine companions typically pass through separation, misunderstanding, and testing before they finally meet and laugh. The feeling of 'reunion after long parting' in later poetry largely traces to this line.
「同人于野」與「同人于宗」之別？為何前者亨後者吝？
What's the difference? Why is 'field' auspicious and 'clan' regrettable?
為何「類族辨物」是「同人」的前提？
Why is distinguishing categories the prerequisite for joining?
用九五「先號咷而後笑」評論一個你經歷過真朋友失而復得的事。
Use line 5 to comment on a true friendship you lost and regained.