赦過宥罪，動而免乎險
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
雷雨作，解
(The trigram for) thunder and that for rain (with the latter ascending up to the former) form Jie.
君子以赦過宥罪。
The superior man, in accordance with this, forgives errors, and deals gently with crimes.
雷雨並作——解之象。君子由此體會：要赦免過錯、寬宥罪行。紓解之時當寬而非嚴。
(The trigram for) thunder and that for rain (with the latter ascending up to the former) form Jie. The superior man, in accordance with this, forgives errors, and deals gently with crimes.
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
解：利西南，無所往，其來復吉。有攸往，夙吉。
解卦——利於往西南。如果無所前往，則來復（回歸常軌）吉；如果有所前往，則趁早前往則吉。紓解之時，行之要快。
In (the state indicated by) Jie advantage will be found in the south-west. If no (further) operations be called for, there will be good fortune in coming back (to the old conditions). If some operations be called for, there will be good fortune in the early conducting of them.
解，險以動，動而免乎險，解。解利西南，往得眾也。其來復吉，乃得中也。有攸往夙吉，往有功也。天地解而雷雨作，雷雨作而百果草木皆甲坼，解之時大矣哉！
解卦：險中而動，動而免於險——這就是解。「利西南」是因為前往得眾。「來復吉」是因為得中道。「有攸往夙吉」是因為前往有功。天地解開而雷雨作，雷雨作而百果草木都破殼而出——解的時機真大啊！
In Jie we have peril and the action to escape from it. Heaven and Earth open out from each other, and we have thunder and rain. When these come, the budding fruits and vegetables all burst forth from the ground.
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
無咎。
無咎。剛紓解之初，柔得位，無事。
The first SIX shows that its subject will commit no error.
剛柔之際，義無咎也。
剛柔交接之時，理當無咎。
田獲三狐，得黃矢，貞吉。
田獵獲三狐——得黃色之箭（中正之器），守正則吉。剛中得位，能除惡而不偏。
The second NINE shows its subject catch, in hunting, three foxes, and obtain the yellow (golden) arrows. With firm correctness there will be good fortune.
九二貞吉，得中道也。
九二之貞吉，是得中道。
負且乘，致寇至，貞吝。
背著貨物還乘車（不當位）——招來盜寇，守此吝。陰柔小人據於剛位，反招災。
The third SIX shows a porter with his burden, (yet) riding in a carriage. He will (only) tempt robbers to attack him. However firm and correct he may try to be, there will be cause for regret.
負且乘，亦可醜也。自我致戎，又誰咎也。
背物又乘車，是可恥之象。自招賊寇，怪誰呢？
解而拇，朋至斯孚。
解開你的腳趾（去掉小人之牽連）——朋友到了則有信。
The fourth NINE shows its subject removing toes from his foot. (But) friends will come, between him and whom there will be mutual confidence.
解而拇，未當位也。
解開腳趾，是因為位置未當。
君子維有解，吉。有孚于小人。
君子能解之——吉。對小人也有信實之德。柔在尊位，能寬能嚴。
The fifth SIX shows its subject, the superior man, executing his function of removing (whatever is injurious to the idea of the hexagram). There will be good fortune. He shows the reality of what he does to the small men.
君子有解，小人退也。
君子能解之，小人自退。
公用射隼，于高墉之上，獲之，無不利。
公侯用箭射高墉之上的猛禽——射中之，無不利。最後解除大障——射隼即除惡之象。
The topmost SIX shows a (feudal) prince (with his bow) shooting at a falcon on the top of a high wall, and capturing it. (The effect of his action) will be in every way advantageous.
公用射隼，以解悖也。
公射隼，是解除悖逆。
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
解·夙·赦過宥罪
Release · early action · forgiving errors
解卦最大的應用：「夙吉」+「赦過宥罪」+「公射隼」。紓解要趁早，對小錯要寬，對大惡要果決。最忌六三「負且乘」——不配位的得失反招災。
Jie's deepest applications: 'early acts auspicious' + 'forgive errors, pardon crimes' + 'duke shoots the falcon'. Act early, be lenient with minor faults, decisive against great evil. Worst: line 3 'load on a carriage' — undeserved gain invites theft.
六三「負且乘，致寇至」是現代的典型失——德不配位卻享其利，反招同行攻擊與小人覬覦。讀此爻自警：得到時要先看自己配不配。
Line 3 'load on a carriage, robbers come' — modern's typical failure. Position not earned by virtue invites peer attacks and predator opportunism. When gaining, first ask: do I deserve this?
王弼以為解卦的核心在「動而免乎險」——險中能動，動則出險，此為解。卦辭「夙吉」二字最深——紓解之時要趁早行動，遲則險再起。
Wang Bi takes the core of Jie to be 'moving and thereby escaping peril' — able to move within danger, and by moving, out of it: that is release. The deepest words in the Judgment are su ji (夙吉), 'early, auspicious' — at the moment of release, act promptly; delay, and the danger rises again.
程子強調大象「赦過宥罪」——紓解之時當寬大為懷，不再追究小過。彼以為這是政治解紓的根本——除惡之大者，赦小過。
Cheng Yi stresses the Great Image's 'forgive errors, pardon crimes' — at the moment of release, be large-hearted and stop prosecuting small faults. For him this is the root of political deliverance: remove the greatest evil, and amnesty the small offenses.
朱子直言：解者，難之散也。卦中六五為主——君子能解，連小人都受其孚信。學者觀此知：紓解的根本是君子之德。
Zhu Xi puts it plainly: Jie is difficulty dispersing. Line 5 is the master of the hexagram — the superior man is able to release, and even the small men are reached by his good faith. The student learns from this: the root of deliverance is the superior man's virtue.
解是雷雨大作、鬱結散開的象，講危機過去之後怎麼收拾。卦辭「有攸往，夙吉」，該辦的事趁早辦，拖久了險又生回來。收拾時手上要分輕重。對首惡，上六「公用射隼于高墉之上，獲之，无不利」，高牆上那隻隼得一箭射下，不留後患；對眾人的小過，大象「君子以赦過宥罪」，難既已解，就別再翻舊帳。一頭果決，一頭寬大，兩樣並用纔算把危機收了尾。夙與赦，是解卦給的兩個字。
Jie is the image of thunder and rain breaking loose and the pent-up pressure dispersing — it is about how to clean up once the crisis has passed. The Judgment says 'if there is somewhere to go, early is auspicious': whatever needs doing, do it soon; drag it out and the danger grows back. And in the cleanup, weigh your hand. For the ringleader, line 6: 'the duke shoots the falcon on the high wall, gets it — nothing unfavorable.' That falcon on the wall has to come down with one arrow, no loose ends. For everyone else's small faults, the Great Image: 'the superior man forgives errors and pardons crimes' — the difficulty is already resolved, so stop reopening old accounts. Decisive at one end, generous at the other; only with both together is the crisis truly closed out. Su (夙, early) and she (赦, amnesty) — those are the two words Jie gives you.
To release, untie, loosen — the knot coming undone, the crisis dispersing.
Early, prompt — act without delay, before the danger grows back.
Seed casings splitting open — sprouts bursting out after thunder and rain.
To pardon, deal leniently with — the generous half of the cleanup.
The yellow (bronze) arrow — emblem of the central, upright instrument.
The big toe — figure for a petty attachment that must be cut loose.
Falcon, bird of prey — figure for the chief malefactor.
High wall — the falcon's perch, i.e. the evildoer's elevated position.
第 39 蹇與第 40 解為一對綜卦。卦序揭示：困境之後必有紓解——這是中國循環觀對逆境的根本態度。
Hexagram 39 Jian and Hexagram 40 Jie are a pair of inverses (zong gua 綜卦). The sequence makes the point: after hardship must come release — the root attitude of the Chinese cyclical view toward adversity.
大象「君子以赦過宥罪」是中國「大赦」傳統的源頭——危機過後不應追究小過，而應寬大以開新局。
The Great Image's 'the superior man forgives errors and pardons crimes' is the source of the Chinese tradition of the great amnesty (da she 大赦) — after a crisis, do not prosecute small faults; open the new era with leniency.
上六「公用射隼於高墉之上」一句意象豐富——隼喻惡人、高墉喻其位高、射隼喻除之。後世「射雕英雄」之意象皆源自此。
Line 6, 'the duke shoots the falcon on the high wall,' is rich in imagery — the falcon is the evildoer, the high wall his elevated position, and shooting the falcon his removal. The later heroic image of the eagle-shooting archer descends from this line.
六三「負且乘，致寇至」是中國早期社會學的觀察——一個人帶著小人的負荷卻坐在君子的位置上，必招災禍。後世「德不配位，必有災殃」即與此呼應。
Line 3, 'carrying a load yet riding in a carriage — he brings robbers upon himself,' is an early piece of Chinese social observation: a man bearing a porter's burden while sitting in a gentleman's carriage will surely invite disaster. The later saying 'when virtue does not match position, calamity must follow' echoes this line.
「赦過宥罪」之意？為何紓解之時當寬而非嚴？
What does 赦過宥罪 (she guo you zui) mean? Why be lenient at the moment of release?
為何上六要「公用射隼」？除大惡與赦小過如何並行？
Why must line 6 'shoot the falcon'? How do excising evil and forgiving errors coexist?
用六三「負且乘」評論一個你看見過「德不配位反招災」的事。
Use line 3 to comment on someone whose unmerited position invited disaster.