干支
十天干配十二地支,六十甲子一輪
中國古代用兩組文字配對來紀錄時間:
- 十天干:甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛壬癸(十個字)(10 characters)
- 十二地支:子丑寅卯辰巳午未申酉戌亥(十二個字)(12 characters)
兩組依序配對:第一個干配第一個支(甲子)、第二個干配第二個支(乙丑),依此類推。 十和十二的最小公倍數是六十,六十個組合走完才會重複,這就是六十甲子。
一個人活到六十歲,剛好走完一輪干支循環,所以六十歲叫花甲。 年、月、日、時都用干支標記,這四組合起來就是八字(生辰八字、四柱)。
Ancient China timed its calendar with two paired sets: 10 Heavenly Stems and 12 Earthly Branches. They pair off, first stem with first branch, second with second, and so on. Since the least common multiple of 10 and 12 is 60, the cycle completes at 60 combinations, the sixty-jiazi cycle. Reaching 60 years old is traditionally called "hua jia," completing one full cycle. Year, month, day, and hour each get a stem-branch label; the four together are called bazi, the "four pillars" used in natal astrology.
十天干
天干對應五行,兩個一組,一陽一陰。
The stems correspond to the five phases, paired as a yang stem and a yin stem:
十二地支
地支同時對應三件事:十二生肖、時辰(一日十二個)、月份。
The branches correspond to three things at once: the twelve zodiac animals, the twelve 2-hour periods of a day, and the twelve months.
一日十二時辰
古代把一天分成十二個時辰,每個時辰等於現代的兩個小時:
子時(23:00–01:00)是一天的開始,不是午夜零時。所以古文說的「子夜」,指的正是這半夜 23:00 到 01:00 之間。中午 11:00–13:00 是午時,陽氣最盛,下午 13:00–15:00 是未時,依此類推。
中醫的子午流注、十二經絡流注也用這套時辰系統,不同經絡在不同時辰最為活躍。
A day divides into 12 two-hour periods. The zi period (23:00–01:00) starts the day, not midnight. So "zi ye" in classical text means the late-night hours between 11pm and 1am. Midday, 11:00–13:00, is the wu period, when yang peaks. TCM organ-clock theory operates on this 12-period system: different meridians peak in different periods.
年、月、日、時,各自六十為一輪
年、月、日、時各有自己的干支標記,而且各自以六十為一個循環:
- 年:六十年重複一次同樣的年柱。 · Year: repeats every 60 years
- 月:年柱推月柱有固定公式,五年走完六十個月柱一輪。 · Month: one cycle in 5 years
- 日:六十日一輪,連續計數,不受月份影響。 · Day: repeats every 60 days, a continuous count
- 時:日柱推時柱也有固定公式,五日走完六十個時柱一輪。 · Hour: one cycle in 5 days
一個人出生的那一刻,會同時在這四個時間尺度上被標記,得到八個字:年柱、月柱、日柱、時柱, 每柱兩字,合起來就是八字。
Year, month, day, and hour each get their own stem-branch label, each on a 60-cycle. The moment of birth places you on all four time scales at once: eight characters total, your bazi, or "four pillars."
用得上的知識
對一般易經學習者而言,需要記得的是:
- 干支與五行的對應:看到甲乙知道是木,丙丁是火,戊己是土,庚辛是金,壬癸是水。 讀古典文獻涉及命理、風水時會用到。
- 地支與生肖、時辰的對應:知道子鼠、午馬、寅虎等對應,也知道十二時辰各自的時間範圍。
- 八字是什麼:知道它是出生那一刻的四組時間標記,不需要自己推算,但看到「八字」「四柱」這些詞不會卡住。
要深入八字命理、紫微斗數、風水、奇門,才需要再往下學。一般讀易經、占卦,知道上面三件事就夠了。
For general Yijing study, you need: the stem-to-phase mapping, the branch-zodiac-hour mapping, and what bazi refers to. You don't need to compute it yourself. Deeper study starts when you take up bazi astrology, ziwei astrology, fengshui, or qimen — separate specialties built on this foundation.