Hexagram 62 · 第 62 卦

小過

Xiao Guo · Small Exceeding (Thunder over Mountain)

宜下不宜上，飛鳥遺音

上卦upper 震 ☳ · 雷 / Thunder下卦lower 艮 ☶ · 山 / Mountain
錯卦把每一爻都翻轉（陽↔陰）後得到的另一卦。The inverse-line hexagram: every line flipped.Opposite
第 61 卦 中孚
綜卦把整個卦上下顛倒後得到的另一卦。The reversed hexagram: flipped top-to-bottom.Inverse
第 62 卦 小過
互卦由原卦二、三、四爻 + 三、四、五爻組成的中間卦。The nuclear hexagram: built from lines 2-3-4 and 3-4-5 of the original.Nuclear
第 28 卦 大過

卦辭與彖傳

Judgment and its commentary

先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。Read the received text first, then its Tuan commentary.

經
卦辭對整個卦（六條線為一組）的總體判斷。The judgment on the hexagram as a whole.
Judgment

小過，亨。利貞。可小事，不可大事。飛鳥遺之音，不宜上宜下，大吉。

小過卦——亨通。利於守正。可做小事，不可做大事。飛鳥留下啼聲——宜於下而不宜於上，大吉。

Xiao Guo indicates that (in the circumstances which it implies) there will be progress and attainment. But it will be advantageous to be firm and correct. (What the name denotes) may be done in small affairs, but not in great affairs. (It is like) the notes that come down from a bird on the wing — to descend is better than to ascend. There will (in this way) be great good fortune.

James Legge · 1899
傳
彖傳十翼之一，直接解釋卦名、卦辭及其剛柔結構。Tuan Zhuan — commentary explaining the name, Judgment, and line structure.
Commentary on the Judgment

小過，小者過而亨也。過以利貞，與時行也。柔得中，是以小事吉也。剛失位而不中，是以不可大事也。有飛鳥之象焉，飛鳥遺之音，不宜上宜下，大吉。上逆而下順也。

小過——小者（陰）過而亨。過而能利貞——是與時偕行。柔（六二、六五）得中，所以小事吉。剛（九三、九四）失位而不中，所以不可大事。卦象有飛鳥之形——飛鳥留下啼聲，宜下不宜上，大吉——上逆下順。

In Xiao Guo (we see) the small (lines) exceeding (the others), and (giving the intimation of) progress and attainment. Such 'exceeding, in order to its being advantageous, must be associated with firmness and correctness': — there must be an acting according to the requirements of the time.

James Legge · 1899

大象傳《大象傳》從上下卦的自然圖像推演全卦之象，再提出人事取法。它不是《彖傳》的續文。The Great Image derives conduct from the two trigrams' natural images; it is not a continuation of the Tuan.

Great Image Commentary

上下卦取象 → 全卦成象 → 人事取法Trigrams → whole image → conduct

上下卦Trigrams
☳震 · 雷Upper · Thunder
☶艮 · 山Lower · Mountain
全卦成象Whole image

山上有雷，小過

(The trigram representing) a hill and above it that for thunder form Xiao Guo.

人事取法Conduct

君子以行過乎恭，喪過乎哀，用過乎儉。

The superior man, in accordance with this, in his conduct exceeds in humility, in mourning exceeds in sorrow, and in his expenditure exceeds in economy.

山上有雷——小過之象。雷聲過山而稍過。君子由此體會：行為要過於恭敬、居喪要過於哀痛、用度要過於節儉。「小過」之大義是：在禮的範圍內，寧可稍微過頭，不可不及。

James Legge · 1899
六爻意象導覽Six-line image guide
由六爻爻辭整理 · 點選可跳至原文 · Editorial guide · select a stage to read the line

本站導讀，不屬《大象傳》原文；用來預覽本卦六爻由初至上的意象變化。An editorial preview of the six line images, not part of the Great Image Commentary.

中性位neutral主爻 · 青灰ruling line過盈之爻 · 朱砂overshot
爻辭針對單獨一條線的判斷，每卦有六條。閱讀次序：初爻 → 上爻。卦象本身則由下而上排列。Line statements — one per line, six per hexagram. Reading order is 初 → 上 (top to bottom on the page). The hexagram itself is drawn bottom-up — see the rail.
Line statements · 初 → 上 · reading order
小象十翼之一。對每一條爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on each line. inline beneath each line
初六
Line 1 · 第 1 爻 · yin陰

飛鳥以凶。

飛鳥（向上飛）——凶。陰柔之始而欲上行——「不宜上宜下」之戒，故凶。

The first SIX shows its subject — a bird flying — and ascending till the issue is evil.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

飛鳥以凶，不可如何也。

飛鳥之凶，是無可如何（自取其凶）。

六二
Line 2 · 第 2 爻 · yin陰

過其祖，遇其妣；不及其君，遇其臣，無咎。

越過了祖父，遇到了祖母（小越）；不及於君，遇到了臣，無咎。陰柔得中正——能小過而知止，故無咎。

The second SIX shows its subject passing by his grandfather, and meeting with his grandmother; not attempting anything against his ruler, but meeting him as his minister. There will be no error.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

不及其君，臣不可過也。

不及於君，是臣下不可越過君上。

九三
Line 3 · 第 3 爻 · yang陽

弗過防之，從或戕之，凶。

不能過防備而從之——或被戕害，凶。陽剛而失正——應防備而不防（小過之時陽不可過剛），則為陰所傷。

The third NINE shows its subject taking no extraordinary precautions against danger; and some in consequence finding opportunity to assail and injure him. There will be evil.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

從或戕之，凶如何也。

從而被戕害，凶到何種程度。

九四
Line 4 · 第 4 爻 · yang陽

無咎。弗過遇之。往厲必戒，勿用永貞。

無咎。不過於進取而遇合——前往則危須戒，不可長守。陽剛失位——須以柔處剛，不可永久守此剛。

The fourth NINE shows its subject falling into no error, but meeting (the exigency of his situation), without exceeding (in his natural courage). If he go forward, there will be peril, and he must be cautious. There is no occasion to be using firmness perpetually.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

弗過遇之，位不當也。往厲必戒，終不可長也。

不過而遇，是位不當。往則危須戒，終究不可長久。

六五
Line 5 · 第 5 爻 · yin陰

密雲不雨，自我西郊；公弋取彼在穴。

密雲不下雨——從我西郊起；公以矰射取那在穴中的（飛鳥）。柔居尊位而失中——求小成則可。

The fifth SIX shows (us) dense clouds, but no rain, coming from our borders in the west. It also (shows) the prince shooting his arrow, and taking the bird in a cave.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

密雲不雨，已上也。

密雲不雨，是已過於上。

上六
Line 6 · 第 6 爻 · yin陰

弗遇過之，飛鳥離之，凶，是謂災眚。

不能相遇而過——飛鳥離開——凶，是所謂的災難。陰柔在最上而過——遠離正應，必凶。

The topmost SIX shows its subject not meeting (the exigency of his situation), and exceeding (his proper limits). (It suggests the idea of) a bird flying far aloft. There will be evil. The case is what is called one of calamity and self-produced injury.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

弗遇過之，已亢也。

不遇而過，是已過高。

小過xiǎo guò

A small exceeding — the small (yin) going slightly past the great. Modest excess, not upheaval.

遺yí

To leave behind — the flying bird leaving its cry as it passes.

妣bǐ

Grandmother, deceased female ancestor. Line 2's small overstep: past the grandfather to meet her.

戕qiāng

To wound, do violence to — the harm that finds line 3 when it takes no precaution.

弋yì

To shoot birds with a corded arrow — the prince's retrieval shot in line 5.

穴xué

Cave, hole — where the bird is taken: low, not aloft.

亢kàng

Too high, at the extreme — the top line's vice of overshooting the peak.

災眚zāi shěng

Calamity and self-made injury — zai 災 is disaster from without, sheng 眚 from one's own fault.