Hexagram 48 · 第 48 卦

井

Jing · The Well (Water over Wind)

養而不窮，勞民勸相

上卦upper 坎 ☵ · 水 / Water下卦lower 巽 ☴ · 風 / Wind
錯卦把每一爻都翻轉（陽↔陰）後得到的另一卦。The inverse-line hexagram: every line flipped.Opposite
第 21 卦 噬嗑
綜卦把整個卦上下顛倒後得到的另一卦。The reversed hexagram: flipped top-to-bottom.Inverse
第 47 卦 困
互卦由原卦二、三、四爻 + 三、四、五爻組成的中間卦。The nuclear hexagram: built from lines 2-3-4 and 3-4-5 of the original.Nuclear
第 38 卦 睽

卦辭與彖傳

Judgment and its commentary

先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。Read the received text first, then its Tuan commentary.

經
卦辭對整個卦（六條線為一組）的總體判斷。The judgment on the hexagram as a whole.
Judgment

井：改邑不改井，無喪無得，往來井井。汔至，亦未繘井，羸其瓶，凶。

井卦——遷邑不遷井（井是不動的根本）。井無增減，往來者皆從井取水。將要汲到水時若打破水瓶（功虧一簣），凶。

(Looking at) Jing, (we think of) how (the site of) a town may be changed, while (the fashion of) its wells undergoes no change. The water (of a well) never disappears and never receives (any great) increase, and those who come and those who go can draw and enjoy the benefit. If (the drawing) have nearly been accomplished, but, before the rope has quite reached the water, the bucket is broken, this is evil.

James Legge · 1899
傳
彖傳十翼之一，直接解釋卦名、卦辭及其剛柔結構。Tuan Zhuan — commentary explaining the name, Judgment, and line structure.
Commentary on the Judgment

巽乎水而上水，井。井養而不窮也。改邑不改井，乃以剛中也。汔至亦未繘井，未有功也。羸其瓶，是以凶也。

順入於水而水汲上來——井之象。井之為用是養人而不窮盡。「改邑不改井」是因為井之剛中（九二、九五）為根。「將要到頂卻未繘上」是功未成。打破水瓶，所以凶。

Wood passing into the water, while the trigram of water is above, gives us Jing — the figure of a well. The well supplies nourishment and is not (itself) exhausted.

James Legge · 1899

大象傳《大象傳》從上下卦的自然圖像推演全卦之象，再提出人事取法。它不是《彖傳》的續文。The Great Image derives conduct from the two trigrams' natural images; it is not a continuation of the Tuan.

Great Image Commentary

上下卦取象 → 全卦成象 → 人事取法Trigrams → whole image → conduct

上下卦Trigrams
☵坎 · 水Upper · Water
☴巽 · 風Lower · Wind
全卦成象Whole image

木上有水，井

(The trigram representing) wood and above it that for water, form Jing.

人事取法Conduct

君子以勞民勸相。

The superior man, in accordance with this, comforts the people, and stimulates them to mutual helpfulness.

木上有水——井之象。君子由此體會：要慰勞百姓、勸勉互助。井養人，君子養民。

James Legge · 1899
六爻意象導覽Six-line image guide
由六爻爻辭整理 · 點選可跳至原文 · Editorial guide · select a stage to read the line

本站導讀，不屬《大象傳》原文；用來預覽本卦六爻由初至上的意象變化。An editorial preview of the six line images, not part of the Great Image Commentary.

中性位neutral主爻 · 青灰ruling line過盈之爻 · 朱砂overshot
爻辭針對單獨一條線的判斷，每卦有六條。閱讀次序：初爻 → 上爻。卦象本身則由下而上排列。Line statements — one per line, six per hexagram. Reading order is 初 → 上 (top to bottom on the page). The hexagram itself is drawn bottom-up — see the rail.
Line statements · 初 → 上 · reading order
小象十翼之一。對每一條爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on each line. inline beneath each line
初六
Line 1 · 第 1 爻 · yin陰

井泥不食，舊井無禽。

井底是泥不能喝——舊井連禽鳥也不來。陰柔在最下，井未疏浚之象。

The first SIX shows a well so muddy that men will not drink of it; or an old well to which neither birds (resort).

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

井泥不食，下也。舊井無禽，時舍也。

井泥不食，是處於下位。舊井無禽，是時運所棄。

九二
Line 2 · 第 2 爻 · yang陽

井谷射鮒，甕敝漏。

井谷（井底）只能射小魚（鮒），瓦甕又破漏。陽剛無應，井雖有水卻無法上達。

The second NINE shows a well from which by a side passage the water escapes and flows away to the shrimps (and such small creatures), or the water leaks away from a broken basket.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

井谷射鮒，無與也。

井底射鮒，是因為沒有相應。

九三
Line 3 · 第 3 爻 · yang陽

井渫不食，為我心惻，可用汲，王明，並受其福。

井已疏通卻無人飲——我心為此惻然。可以汲水了，若君王明察，眾人都受其福。賢能不被用之歎。

The third NINE shows a well, which has been cleared out, but is not used. Our hearts are sorry for this, but if the king were intelligent, both he and we might receive the benefit of it.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

井渫不食，行惻也。求王明，受福也。

井渫不食，行人心惻。求王明察，受其福。

六四
Line 4 · 第 4 爻 · yin陰

井甃，無咎。

用磚石修砌井壁——無咎。柔得位、能修井而不取水，是修養之事。

The fourth SIX shows a well, the lining of which is well laid. There will be no error.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

井甃無咎，修井也。

井甃無咎，是修井之事。

九五
Line 5 · 第 5 爻 · yang陽

井冽，寒泉食。

井水清冽——寒涼的泉水可以喝。剛中得位，井之最佳——清涼養人。

The fifth NINE shows a clear, limpid well, (the waters from) whose cold spring are (freely) drunk.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

寒泉之食，中正也。

寒泉可食，是中正之德。

上六
Line 6 · 第 6 爻 · yin陰

井收勿幕，有孚元吉。

井已修成不可掩蓋——有誠信，大吉。井不藏私，公養萬民。

The topmost SIX shows the water from the well brought to the top, which is not allowed to be covered. Associated with sincerity, there will be great good fortune.

小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註，列於該爻之下。Xiao Xiang — short commentary on this line. · Image on the line

元吉在上，大成也。

元吉在上爻，是大成之象。

井jǐng

The well — the place where water is drawn; here also the name of the hexagram and its master image.

邑yì

Town, settlement — the thing that can be moved, in contrast to the well.

汔qì

Almost, on the point of — nearly there.

繘jú

The well-rope for drawing water.

羸léi

To break, ruin — here, breaking the water jug at the last moment.

鮒fù

A small fish, a minnow — all a leaking well-bottom can serve.

甕wèng

Earthenware water jar.

渫xiè

To dredge, clear out — cleaning the well so its water runs pure.

甃zhòu

To line a well's walls with brick or stone — repair work, not yet drawing water.

冽liè

Clear, cold, limpid — the well at its best.