卦辭對整個卦（六條線為一組）的總體判斷。The judgment on the hexagram as a whole.
Judgment
睽：小事吉。
睽卦，小事吉。處於分歧之時，只能成小事，不可圖大事。
Kui indicates that, (notwithstanding the condition of things which it denotes), in small matters there will (still) be good fortune.
第 38 卦 · Hexagram 38
睽
Kui · Opposition (Fire over Lake)
君子以同而異，睽之時用大
上上卦upper trigram☲離 · 火 / Fire下下卦lower trigram☱兌 · 澤 / Lake
象Image
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
大象傳《大象傳》從上下卦的自然圖像推演全卦之象，再提出人事取法。The Great Image derives conduct from the two trigrams' natural images.Great Image
- 全卦成象Whole image
上火下澤，睽
(The trigram representing) fire above and that for the waters of a marsh below form Kui.
- 人事取法Conduct
君子以同而異。
The superior man, in accordance with this, where there is a general agreement, yet admits diversity.
上火下澤，是睽之象。君子由此體會：要在大同之中保持差異，不強求一致。
(The trigram representing) fire above and that for the waters of a marsh below form Kui. The superior man, in accordance with this, where there is a general agreement, yet admits diversity.
辭Words
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
彖傳十翼之一，直接解釋卦名、卦辭及其剛柔結構。Tuan Zhuan — explains the name, the Judgment and the line structure.
Commentary on the Judgment
睽，火動而上，澤動而下，二女同居，其志不同行。說而麗乎明，柔進而上行，得中而應乎剛，是以小事吉。天地睽而其事同也，男女睽而其志通也，萬物睽而其事類也，睽之時用大矣哉！
睽卦：火動上升，澤動下流，二者方向相違；二女同居志向不同。內悅（兌）外明（離），柔進而上行，得中位而應於剛，所以小事吉。天地相睽而其事相同，男女相睽而其志相通，萬物相睽而其事相類，睽之時的作用真大啊！
In Kui we have (the symbol of) Fire, which, when moved, ascends, and (that of) a Marsh, whose waters, when moved, descend. We have (also the symbols of) two sisters living together, but whose wills do not move in the same direction.
爻Lines
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
初九
復
失而自回lost, returns
悔亡。喪馬勿逐，自復；見惡人，無咎。
悔消失。丟了馬不要追，會自己回來；見到惡人，無咎。睽之初宜寬不宜執。
The first NINE shows that (to its subject) occasion for repentance will disappear. He has lost his horses, but let him not seek for them; — they will return of themselves. Should he meet with bad men, he will not err (in communicating with them).
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
見惡人，以辟咎也。
見惡人不避，是為了避咎。
九二
遇
巷中相遇chance encounter
遇主于巷，無咎。
在小巷中遇到主子（六五），無咎。睽之時不期而遇，是緣。
The second NINE shows its subject happening to meet with his lord in a bye-passage. There will be no error.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
遇主于巷，未失道也。
巷中遇主，未失正道。
六三
曳
兩端拉扯pulled both sides
見輿曳，其牛掣，其人天且劓。無初有終。
看見車被拉著，牛被牽掣（兩端拉扯），其人受刑（天，指刺額；劓，指割鼻）。起初難看，終必有解。
The third SIX shows its subject (in a position) as if his carriage were dragged back, and the oxen in it pushed back, and as if he himself were subjected to the shaving of his head and the cutting off of his nose. There is no good beginning, but there will be a good end.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
見輿曳，位不當也。無初有終，遇剛也。
車被曳，是位置不當。終有結果，是遇到剛爻（上九）。
九四
孚
孤而得友lone meets ally
睽孤。遇元夫，交孚，厲無咎。
睽中孤獨，遇到大丈夫（同道），相互信任，雖厲無咎。睽中得真同道。
The fourth NINE shows its subject solitary amidst the (prevailing) disunion. (But) he meets with the good man (represented by the first line), and they blend their sincere desires together. The position is one of peril, but there will be no error.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
交孚無咎，志行也。
交相信任無咎，是志向得行。
六五
宗
宗親之合kin reunites
悔亡。厥宗噬膚，往何咎？
悔消失。宗親（同類）親密如咬肉之深，前往有何咎？睽中得宗親之合。
The fifth SIX shows that to its subject occasion for repentance will disappear. With his relative (and minister) he unites closely and readily as if he were biting through a piece of skin. When he goes forward (with this help), what error can there be?
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
厥宗噬膚，往有慶也。
宗親噬膚之合，前往有福慶。
上九
雨
疑而後解doubt then rain
睽孤。見豕負塗，載鬼一車，先張之弧，後說之弧。匪寇婚媾，往遇雨則吉。
睽中孤獨，看見豬背滿污泥，看見載鬼一車，先拉弓欲射，後又放下弓。原來不是寇，是來婚媾，前往遇雨則吉。睽至極處，疑而後解。
The topmost NINE shows its subject solitary amidst the (prevailing) disunion. (In the subject of the third line, he seems to) see a pig bearing on its back a load of mud, (or fancies) there is a carriage full of ghosts. He first bends his bow against him, and afterwards unbends it, (for he discovers) that he is not an assailant to injure, but a near relative. Going forward, he shall meet with (genial) rain, and there will be good fortune.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
遇雨之吉，群疑亡也。
遇雨之吉，是疑慮全消。
用Use
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
睽·同而異·小事吉
Opposition · same yet different · small matters auspicious
把象套到你的情境 · Apply the image to your situation
- 初九復失去機會不要追，會自己回來；見壞同事不必避。Lost opportunity, don't chase it: it returns; meet a bad colleague, no harm.
- 九二遇在非正式場合遇到大佬，抓住緣分。Meeting a senior in an informal setting: seize the chance.
- 六三曳夾在上下兩方拉扯之中，起初無望，但終有解。Pulled by upper and lower: no good start, but a finish.
- 九四孚在團隊分裂中遇到真朋友，雖險無咎。Amid a team split, meet a true ally: perilous but no error.
- 六五宗與「同類」之同事密切合作，前往有慶。Close cooperation with 'kin': going forward brings blessing.
- 上九雨你以為是敵人，其實是朋友，疑消而吉。Thought an enemy, actually a friend: doubts dissolve, auspicious.
可行的一步 · Practical move
睽卦講「同而異」，也講「小事吉」。分歧之時不要強求大同，能在小處保持合作就好。上九「群疑亡」最值得記：看似衝突的關係，疑消之後反而成了親人。
Kui comes down to 'same yet different' and 'small matters auspicious.' In division, don't force grand unity; collaborate in small ways. Line 6's 'all doubts dissolve' is worth remembering: apparent enemies often turn out to be allies.
失手之處 · Failure mode
上九的反例：誤把朋友當敵人，先張弓欲射，這是現代人常犯的失，把分歧當敵意，把善意當攻擊。很多衝突只是疑心，不是實情。
Line 6's failure mode: mistaking a friend for an enemy and drawing the bow. It's a common modern failure, treating difference as hostility and goodwill as attack. Many conflicts are only suspicion, not substance.
義理Commentary4
王弼以為睽卦的核心在「分中有合」，上火下澤雖違，但二女同居仍可說以麗明。卦辭「小事吉」是因為睽之時不可圖大事，「睽之時用大矣哉」一句最見卦旨。
For Wang Bi the core of Kui is 'union within division': fire above and lake below run contrary ways, yet the two daughters dwelling together can still be joyous (Dui) while cleaving to brightness (Li). The Judgment says 'small matters auspicious' because in a time of division one must not attempt great undertakings. The sentence most worth remembering: 'great indeed is the use of the time of Kui!'
程子強調大象「君子以同而異」，這與後世「和而不同」的說法一脈相承。在大同之中保持差異，在分歧之中尋找共通，是處睽之道。
Cheng Yi stresses the Great Image's 'the superior man is the same, yet different,' which lines up with the later idea of 'harmony without sameness.' To keep one's difference within broad agreement, and to seek what is common within disagreement — this is the way of dwelling in Kui.
朱子直言：睽者，乖違也。卦中六爻多寫睽中之孤獨，九四「睽孤遇元夫」、上九「睽孤遇雨」皆然。學者觀此知：睽中能得知音之吉，遠勝合中之失。
Zhu Xi says it plainly: Kui means estrangement and contrariety. The lines dwell largely on solitude amid division — line 4's 'solitary in Kui, meeting a good man' and the top line's 'solitary in Kui, meeting rain' alike. The student learns from this: the fortune of finding a kindred spirit within division far outweighs what is lost within union.
睽是上火下澤，兩相背行，講怎麼處分歧。卦辭先定調：「小事吉」。人心乖違的時候別圖大事，小處著手，慢慢把裂縫縫回來。大象「君子以同而異」，共識之中容得下差異，後世說「和而不同」，源頭在這裡。上九最耐讀：「睽孤」之人見豕負塗、載鬼一車，滿眼敵意，張了弓又放下，原來「匪寇婚媾」，來的人是要結親的。「往遇雨則吉」，雨一落，疑心全消。分歧裡有多少是實情，多少只是疑出來的鬼影，這一爻寫盡了。彖傳補一句「天地睽而其事同」：天地相隔那麼遠，做的還是同一件事。
Kui is fire above and lake below, each moving away from the other — it is about how to live with disagreement. The Judgment sets the tone first: 'small matters auspicious.' When hearts are at odds, don't attempt anything big; start small and sew the crack back up slowly. The Great Image says 'the superior man is the same, yet different': consensus with room inside it for difference. The later saying 'harmony without sameness' starts here. The top line rewards the most rereading: the one 'solitary in division' sees a pig caked in mud, a cartload of ghosts — hostility everywhere — draws the bow, then lowers it. 'Not a bandit but a marriage suitor': the one approaching came to join families. 'Going on, meeting rain brings fortune' — the rain falls and every suspicion washes away. How much of any conflict is fact, and how much is ghost-shadow conjured by doubt: this line says all of it. The Tuan Zhuan adds one more sentence, 'heaven and earth are divided, yet their work is one' — as far apart as heaven and earth stand, they are still doing the same thing.
注解Annotation9
睽kuí
背離、分歧，彼此走向相反。此卦講的是身處分歧時如何自處。
Divergence, estrangement — turned away from each other; the hexagram name.
曳yè
拖、拉扯。「見輿曳」指車被人從後方拉住。
To drag, pull back.
掣chè
牽制、拉住不放。「其牛掣」指牛被人從旁牽住，動彈不得。
To be held back, checked — restrained from moving.
天tiān
此處是古代刑罰之一，指在額上刺字，並非「天空」之義。
Here an ancient punishment: branding or tattooing the forehead (not 'heaven').
劓yì
古代割鼻之刑，與「天」（黥額）並列，形容受刑之重。
The ancient punishment of cutting off the nose.
孤gū
孤獨、無依。「睽孤」形容分歧之時形單影隻的處境。
Solitary, alone.
弧hú
弓，射箭的武器。「張之弧」指拉弓戒備，「說之弧」指放下弓。
A bow (the weapon).
豕shǐ
豬。「見豕負塗」是上九疑心生暗鬼時見到的怪異景象。
Pig, swine.
塗tú
泥濘、污泥。「負塗」指豬背上沾滿污泥，是骯髒可疑之象。
Mud, mire.
歷史Context4
家人睽成對·合分
Jia Ren and Kui — union and division
第 37 家人（合）與第 38 睽（分）為一對綜卦。卦序揭示：合與分是常態的兩面，能在分中求同，才稱得上合。
Hexagram 37 Jia Ren (union) and Hexagram 38 Kui (division) form an inverse pair (zong gua). The sequence makes the point: union and division are two sides of the same ordinary state; only by finding common ground within division can one truly unite.
「同而異」·與「和而不同」相通
'Same yet different' — echoes 'harmony without sameness'
大象「君子以同而異」，與後世「和而不同」的說法相通：孔子說「君子和而不同，小人同而不和」，講的是同一件事。和是在差異中達成的，不必消滅差異。
The Great Image's 'the superior man is the same, yet different' resonates with the later idea of 'harmony without sameness': Confucius's 'the superior man harmonizes without being identical; the small man is identical without harmonizing' makes the same point. Harmony is reached within difference — it does not require abolishing difference.
「睽之時用大矣哉」
'The use of timing in division is great indeed'
彖傳此句強調：分歧之時，如何運用得當是件大事。能在亂中見同、在分中守和，是不容易的修養。
This Tuan Zhuan line insists that handling a time of division well is no small matter. To see the common within disorder and hold harmony within division is a hard-won discipline.
上九「群疑亡也」·疑非真
'All doubts dissolve' — doubts are often unreal
上九「先張之弧後說之弧」寫的是疑心生暗鬼的場景，把對方當成仇敵，其實是親人。很多分歧不過是誤解，雨一來，疑心全消。
The top line's 'first he draws the bow, then he lowers the bow' depicts suspicion conjuring a phantom enemy — the one feared as a foe turns out to be kin. Many divisions are nothing but misunderstanding, and when the rain comes, every doubt dissolves.
練習Practice3
- char-recall
「君子以同而異」之意？這如何成為「和而不同」之根？
What does this Da Xiang mean? How is it the root of 'harmony without sameness'?
- parse
為何卦辭「小事吉」？睽之時為何不可圖大事？
Why is only 'small matters' auspicious in opposition?
- line-read
用上九「先張之弧後說之弧」評論一個你曾誤解他人為敵的時刻。
Use line 6 to comment on a time you mistook someone as an enemy.