卦辭對整個卦（六條線為一組）的總體判斷。The judgment on the hexagram as a whole.
Judgment
睽：小事吉。
睽卦——小事吉。處於分歧之時，只能成小事，不可圖大事。
Kui indicates that, (notwithstanding the condition of things which it denotes), in small matters there will (still) be good fortune.
第 38 卦 · Hexagram 38
睽
Kui · Opposition (Fire over Lake)
君子以同而異，睽之時用大
上上卦upper trigram☲離 · 火 / Fire下下卦lower trigram☱兌 · 澤 / Lake
象Image
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
大象傳《大象傳》從上下卦的自然圖像推演全卦之象，再提出人事取法。The Great Image derives conduct from the two trigrams' natural images.Great Image
- 全卦成象Whole image
上火下澤，睽
(The trigram representing) fire above and that for the waters of a marsh below form Kui.
- 人事取法Conduct
君子以同而異。
The superior man, in accordance with this, where there is a general agreement, yet admits diversity.
上火下澤——睽之象。君子由此體會：要在大同之中保持差異（不強求一致）。
(The trigram representing) fire above and that for the waters of a marsh below form Kui. The superior man, in accordance with this, where there is a general agreement, yet admits diversity.
辭Words
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
彖傳十翼之一，直接解釋卦名、卦辭及其剛柔結構。Tuan Zhuan — explains the name, the Judgment and the line structure.
Commentary on the Judgment
睽，火動而上，澤動而下，二女同居，其志不同行。說而麗乎明，柔進而上行，得中而應乎剛，是以小事吉。天地睽而其事同也，男女睽而其志通也，萬物睽而其事類也，睽之時用大矣哉！
睽卦：火動上升，澤動下流，二者方向相違；二女同居志向不同。內悅（兌）外明（離），柔進而上行，得中位而應於剛——所以小事吉。天地相睽而其事相同，男女相睽而其志相通，萬物相睽而其事相類——睽之時的作用真大啊！
In Kui we have (the symbol of) Fire, which, when moved, ascends, and (that of) a Marsh, whose waters, when moved, descend. We have (also the symbols of) two sisters living together, but whose wills do not move in the same direction.
爻Lines
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
初九
復
失而自回lost, returns
悔亡。喪馬勿逐，自復；見惡人，無咎。
悔消失。丟了馬不要追，會自己回來；見到惡人，無咎。睽之初宜寬不宜執。
The first NINE shows that (to its subject) occasion for repentance will disappear. He has lost his horses, but let him not seek for them; — they will return of themselves. Should he meet with bad men, he will not err (in communicating with them).
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
見惡人，以辟咎也。
見惡人不避，是為了避咎。
九二
遇
巷中相遇chance encounter
遇主于巷，無咎。
在小巷中遇到主子（六五）——無咎。睽之時不期而遇，是緣。
The second NINE shows its subject happening to meet with his lord in a bye-passage. There will be no error.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
遇主于巷，未失道也。
巷中遇主，未失正道。
六三
曳
兩端拉扯pulled both sides
見輿曳，其牛掣，其人天且劓。無初有終。
看見車被拉著，牛被牽掣（兩端拉扯），其人受刑（天=刺額，劓=割鼻）——起初無，最終有結果。困境之初無望，終必有解。
The third SIX shows its subject (in a position) as if his carriage were dragged back, and the oxen in it pushed back, and as if he himself were subjected to the shaving of his head and the cutting off of his nose. There is no good beginning, but there will be a good end.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
見輿曳，位不當也。無初有終，遇剛也。
車被曳，是位置不當。終有結果，是遇到剛爻（上九）。
九四
孚
孤而得友lone meets ally
睽孤。遇元夫，交孚，厲無咎。
睽中孤獨——遇到大丈夫（同道），相互信任，雖厲無咎。睽中得真同道。
The fourth NINE shows its subject solitary amidst the (prevailing) disunion. (But) he meets with the good man (represented by the first line), and they blend their sincere desires together. The position is one of peril, but there will be no error.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
交孚無咎，志行也。
交相信任無咎，是志向得行。
六五
宗
宗親之合kin reunites
悔亡。厥宗噬膚，往何咎？
悔消失。宗親（同類）親密如咬肉之深——前往有何咎？睽中得宗親之合。
The fifth SIX shows that to its subject occasion for repentance will disappear. With his relative (and minister) he unites closely and readily as if he were biting through a piece of skin. When he goes forward (with this help), what error can there be?
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
厥宗噬膚，往有慶也。
宗親噬膚之合，前往有福慶。
上九
雨
疑而後解doubt then rain
睽孤。見豕負塗，載鬼一車，先張之弧，後說之弧。匪寇婚媾，往遇雨則吉。
睽中孤獨——看見豬背滿污泥，看見載鬼一車——先拉弓欲射，後又放下弓。原來不是寇是來婚媾，前往遇雨則吉。睽至極處，疑而後解。
The topmost NINE shows its subject solitary amidst the (prevailing) disunion. (In the subject of the third line, he seems to) see a pig bearing on its back a load of mud, (or fancies) there is a carriage full of ghosts. He first bends his bow against him, and afterwards unbends it, (for he discovers) that he is not an assailant to injure, but a near relative. Going forward, he shall meet with (genial) rain, and there will be good fortune.
小象十翼之一。對爻辭的古典短註。Xiao Xiang — short classical commentary on this line.
遇雨之吉，群疑亡也。
遇雨之吉，是疑慮全消。
用Use
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
睽·同而異·小事吉
Opposition · same yet different · small matters auspicious
把象套到你的情境 · Apply the image to your situation
- 初九復失去機會不要追——會自己回來；見壞同事不必避。Lost opportunity, don't chase — it returns; meet bad colleague, no harm.
- 九二遇在非正式場合遇到大佬——抓住緣分。Meeting senior in informal setting — seize the chance.
- 六三曳上下兩方拉扯之中——起初無望，但終有解。Pulled by upper and lower — no start, but a finish.
- 九四孚在團隊分裂中遇到真朋友——雖險無咎。Amid team split, meet a true ally — perilous but no error.
- 六五宗與「同類」之同事密切合作——前往有慶。Close cooperation with 'kin' — going forward brings blessing.
- 上九雨你以為是敵人，其實是朋友——疑消而吉。Thought enemy, actually friend — doubts dissolve, auspicious.
可行的一步 · Practical move
睽卦最大的應用：「同而異」+「小事吉」。在分歧之時不要強求大同，但能在小處保持合作。最高境是上九「群疑亡」——看似衝突的關係，疑消後反成親。
Kui's deepest applications: 'same yet different' + 'small matters auspicious'. In division, don't force grand unity; collaborate in small ways. Peak: line 6's 'all doubts dissolve' — apparent enemies often turn out to be allies.
失手之處 · Failure mode
上九的反例：誤把朋友當敵人，先張弓欲射——這是現代人最常見的失，把分歧當敵意，把善意當攻擊。讀此爻自警：很多衝突只是疑非實。
Line 6's failure mode: mistaking friend for enemy, drawing the bow — modern's common failure, treating difference as hostility, goodwill as attack. Many conflicts are doubt, not substance.
義理Commentary4
王弼以為睽卦的核心在「分中有合」——上火下澤雖違，但二女同居仍可說以麗明。卦辭「小事吉」是因為睽之時不可圖大事。讀此卦最該記住「睽之時用大矣哉」一句。
For Wang Bi the core of Kui is 'union within division': fire above and lake below run contrary ways, yet the two daughters dwelling together can still be joyous (Dui) while cleaving to brightness (Li). The Judgment says 'small matters auspicious' because in a time of division one must not attempt great undertakings. The sentence most worth remembering: 'great indeed is the use of the time of Kui!'
程子強調大象「君子以同而異」——這是中國「和而不同」思想的源頭之一。在大同之中保持差異，在分歧之中尋找共通——是處睽之道。
Cheng Yi stresses the Great Image's 'the superior man is the same, yet different' — one of the headwaters of the Chinese idea of 'harmony without sameness.' To keep one's difference within broad agreement, and to seek what is common within disagreement — this is the way of dwelling in Kui.
朱子直言：睽者，乖違也。卦中六爻多寫睽中之孤獨——九四「睽孤遇元夫」、上九「睽孤遇雨」皆然。學者觀此知：睽中能得知音之吉，遠勝合中之失。
Zhu Xi says it plainly: Kui means estrangement and contrariety. The lines dwell largely on solitude amid division — line 4's 'solitary in Kui, meeting a good man' and the top line's 'solitary in Kui, meeting rain' alike. The student learns from this: the fortune of finding a kindred spirit within division far outweighs what is lost within union.
睽是上火下澤，兩相背行，講怎麼處分歧。卦辭先定調：「小事吉」。人心乖違的時候別圖大事，小處著手，慢慢把裂縫縫回來。大象「君子以同而異」，共識之中容得下差異，後世說「和而不同」，源頭在這裡。上九最耐讀：「睽孤」之人見豕負塗、載鬼一車，滿眼敵意，張了弓又放下，原來「匪寇婚媾」，來的人是要結親的。「往遇雨則吉」，雨一落，疑心全消。分歧裡有多少是實情，多少只是疑出來的鬼影，這一爻寫盡了。彖傳補一句「天地睽而其事同」：天地相隔那麼遠，做的還是同一件事。
Kui is fire above and lake below, each moving away from the other — it is about how to live with disagreement. The Judgment sets the tone first: 'small matters auspicious.' When hearts are at odds, don't attempt anything big; start small and sew the crack back up slowly. The Great Image says 'the superior man is the same, yet different': consensus with room inside it for difference. The later saying 'harmony without sameness' starts here. The top line rewards the most rereading: the one 'solitary in division' sees a pig caked in mud, a cartload of ghosts — hostility everywhere — draws the bow, then lowers it. 'Not a bandit but a marriage suitor': the one approaching came to join families. 'Going on, meeting rain brings fortune' — the rain falls and every suspicion washes away. How much of any conflict is fact, and how much is ghost-shadow conjured by doubt: this line says all of it. The Tuan Zhuan adds one more sentence, 'heaven and earth are divided, yet their work is one' — as far apart as heaven and earth stand, they are still doing the same thing.
注解Annotation9
睽kuí
Divergence, estrangement — turned away from each other; the hexagram name.
曳yè
To drag, pull back.
掣chè
To be held back, checked — restrained from moving.
天tiān
Here an ancient punishment: branding or tattooing the forehead (not 'heaven').
劓yì
The ancient punishment of cutting off the nose.
孤gū
Solitary, alone.
弧hú
A bow (the weapon).
豕shǐ
Pig, swine.
塗tú
Mud, mire.
歷史Context4
家人睽成對·合分
Jia Ren and Kui — union and division
第 37 家人（合）與第 38 睽（分）為一對綜卦。卦序揭示：合與分是常態的雙面——能在分中求同的人才能真正合。
Hexagram 37 Jia Ren (union) and Hexagram 38 Kui (division) form an inverse pair (zong gua 綜卦). The sequence carries the point: union and division are two faces of the normal state — only one who can seek common ground within division can truly unite.
「同而異」·和而不同的源頭
'Same yet different' — root of 'harmony without sameness'
大象「君子以同而異」是中國「和而不同」思想的源頭——孔子「君子和而不同，小人同而不和」即與此呼應。真正的和是在差異中達到的，不是消滅差異的。
The Great Image's 'the superior man is the same, yet different' is a headwater of the Chinese idea of 'harmony without sameness' — Confucius's 'the superior man harmonizes without being identical; the small man is identical without harmonizing' answers to it. Real harmony is achieved within difference, not by abolishing it.
「睽之時用大矣哉」
'The use of timing in division is great indeed'
彖傳此句強調：分歧之時的智慧運用是極大的事。能在亂中見同、在分中守和，是中國政治哲學的高境。
This Tuan Zhuan sentence insists that the intelligent use of a time of division is a matter of the greatest scale. To see the common within disorder and hold harmony within division is a high attainment of Chinese political philosophy.
上九「群疑亡也」·疑非真
'All doubts dissolve' — doubts are often unreal
上九「先張之弧後說之弧」描寫的是「疑為敵實為親」的場景——很多分歧不過是誤解，雨一來疑全消。是中國心理學的早期觀察。
The top line's 'first he draws the bow, then he lowers the bow' depicts the scene of 'suspected enemy, actually kin' — many divisions are nothing but misunderstanding, and when the rain comes every doubt dissolves. An early Chinese observation in psychology.
練習Practice3
- char-recall
「君子以同而異」之意？這如何成為「和而不同」之根？
What does this Da Xiang mean? How is it the root of 'harmony without sameness'?
- parse
為何卦辭「小事吉」？睽之時為何不可圖大事？
Why is only 'small matters' auspicious in opposition?
- line-read
用上九「先張之弧後說之弧」評論一個你曾誤解他人為敵的時刻。
Use line 6 to comment on a time you mistook someone as an enemy.