見善則遷，有過則改
先看圖像，再讀文字。Read the image before the words.
風雷，益
(The trigram representing) wind and that for thunder form Yi.
君子以見善則遷，有過則改。
The superior man, in accordance with this, when he sees what is good, moves toward it; and when he finds error, he changes it.
風雷相助，益之象。君子由此體會：見到善行就移向它，有過錯就改正，這是內在之益。
(The trigram representing) wind and that for thunder form Yi. The superior man, in accordance with this, when he sees what is good, moves toward it; and when he finds error, he changes it.
先讀經文，再讀《彖傳》如何解釋卦辭。The received text, then the Tuan commentary on it.
益：利有攸往，利涉大川。
益卦，利於有所前往，利於涉險大事。「損上益下」之時，是大有為的時機。
Yi indicates that (in the state which it implies) there will be advantage in every movement which shall be undertaken, that it will be advantageous (even) to cross the great stream.
益，損上益下，民說無疆。自上下下，其道大光。利有攸往，中正有慶。利涉大川，木道乃行。益動而巽，日進無疆。天施地生，其益無方。凡益之道，與時偕行。
益之為道，減損上方增益下方，民眾喜悅無界。從上向下而來，其道大放光明。利往，是中正有慶；利涉大川，是木舟之道得以行（巽為木）。動而能巽（順），所以日進無疆。天施與而地生長，益的範圍是無限的。凡益之道，須與時並行。
In Yi we have the upper diminished, and the lower added to. The satisfaction of the people will be without limit. What proceeds from above to those below comes down with great brilliance. Increase has its proper rhythm — moving with the time.
六條線各有一句判斷。閱讀次序初→上；卦象由下而上，看左側的卦。One statement per line, read from the first line to the top. The figure is drawn bottom-up — watch the rail.
利用為大作，元吉，無咎。
利於做大事，大吉，無咎。下位有剛德，得上之益，可以擔當大事。
The first NINE shows that it will be advantageous for its subject to make a great movement. If it be greatly fortunate, no blame will be imputed to him.
元吉無咎，下不厚事也。
元吉無咎，是因為下層本不該擔大事，但此時可以。
或益之十朋之龜，弗克違，永貞吉。王用享于帝，吉。
有人贈送十朋之龜，無法拒絕，永守正則吉。君王用此祭祀上帝，吉。
The second SIX shows parties adding to the stores of its subject ten pairs of tortoise shells whose oracles cannot be opposed. Let him persevere in being firm and correct, and there will be good fortune. Let the king, (having the virtue thus distinguished), employ it in presenting his offerings to God, and there will be good fortune.
或益之，自外來也。
受益之物，是從外部而來。
益之用凶事，無咎。有孚中行，告公用圭。
用增益於凶事，也就是救災賑荒，無咎。有誠信中道而行，告知公侯用圭符傳達。
The third SIX shows increase given to its subject by means of what is evil, so that he shall (be led to good), and be without blame. Let him be sincere and pursue the path of the Mean, (so shall he secure the recognition of the ruler, like) an officer who announces himself to his prince by the symbol of his rank.
益用凶事，固有之也。
增益用於凶事，是本來該如此。
中行，告公從。利用為依遷國。
中道而行，告知公侯而得從，利用此而做大事如遷國。
The fourth SIX shows its subject pursuing the due course. His advice to his prince is followed. He can with advantage be relied on in such a movement as that of removing the capital.
告公從，以益志也。
告公而得從，是因為志在益民。
有孚惠心，勿問元吉。有孚惠我德。
有誠信、有惠民之心，不必問就大吉。有誠信、用德來惠及他人。
The fifth NINE shows its subject with sincere heart seeking to benefit (all below). There need be no question about it; the result will be great good fortune. (All below) will with sincere heart acknowledge his goodness.
有孚惠心，勿問之矣。惠我德，大得志也。
有誠信惠心，不必問。惠及他人之德，大得其志。
莫益之，或擊之，立心勿恆，凶。
沒有人增益他，反而有人攻擊他，心志不能恆定，凶。處益之極而欲求多益，反招攻擊。
The topmost NINE shows one to whom no one will give increase, while many will seek to assail him. He observes no regular rule in the ordering of his heart. There will be evil.
莫益之，偏辭也。或擊之，自外來也。
沒人益他，是言詞偏私。有人擊他，是來自外部。
把象套到你的情境，取一個可行的下一步。Apply the image to your situation; take one practical step.
益·惠·見善則遷
Increase · benefit · moving toward the good
益卦看重的是誠心惠人，也戒貪益招擊。九五「有孚惠心」是全卦的主爻，能誠心惠及他人，才算是增益；上九「莫益之，或擊之」是益卦的警戒，心志不定又貪心，必然招來攻擊。
Yi comes down to benefiting others sincerely, and to the warning that greed for increase invites attack. Line 5's 'sincere, kind heart' is the hexagram's master line: benefiting others sincerely is what counts as increase. Line 6's 'no increase, attacks come' warns against unbounded craving.
上九「莫益之，或擊之，立心勿恆，凶」，說的正是現代人常犯的毛病：已經擁有很多，還貪求更多，沒人再給，反而招來攻擊。讀這一爻要自我提醒：益的盡頭就是禍的開始，得懂得知足與適可而止。
Line 6, 'none increase him, attacks come,' names a failure mode common today: already plentiful, still craving more. No one keeps giving; instead, attacks come. Where increase ends, calamity begins.
王弼以為益卦的核心在「損上益下」，上位減損自己以增益下位，民眾自然悅服無疆。讀此卦最該記住大象「見善則遷，有過則改」十字，這是內在的益，比外在的物質之益更根本。
Wang Bi takes the core of Yi to be 'decreasing the upper to increase the lower': those above diminish themselves to add to those below, and the people's glad allegiance is boundless. What most deserves remembering in this hexagram are the Great Image's ten characters: 'seeing the good, move toward it; having a fault, correct it.' This is the inner increase, more fundamental than any outer, material gain.
程子強調九五「有孚惠心，勿問元吉」，益若出於誠心，本來就不需要問。他認為上九「莫益之，或擊之」是貪益之戒，求益太過，反而招來攻擊。
Cheng Yi stresses line 5: 'sincere and kind of heart, no need to ask, greatly auspicious.' Increase that flows from a sincere heart needs no divination. He reads the top line, 'none increase him, some attack him,' as a warning against greed: press too far for increase, and it invites attack instead.
朱子直言：益者，增益也。彖傳「天施地生，其益無方」是益之天道；「凡益之道，與時偕行」是益之時道。學者觀此知：益不可強求，必順時而至。
Zhu Xi puts it plainly: Yi means increase. The Tuan Zhuan's 'heaven gives, earth grows — the increase is boundless' is the heavenly way of increase; 'every way of increase moves together with the time' is its way of timing. The student learns from this: increase cannot be forced — it must arrive with the season.
益卦講增益，主爻在九五「有孚惠心，勿問元吉」：存著誠心給人好處，吉凶連問都不必問。可見益的大小量在給出多少，進帳多少倒在其次。卦象是損上益下，上位肯自減，底下纔悅服無疆。對自己，大象另指一條進路：「見善則遷，有過則改」，遷善改過是添在身上的益，比外頭的進項耐用。反面全寫在上九「莫益之，或擊之，立心勿恆，凶」：一心只往自己身上撈，撈到眾人翻臉來擊，越求越失。今天多少事，對得上這一爻。
Yi is the hexagram of increase, and its master line is the fifth: 'sincere and kind of heart — no need even to ask; greatly auspicious.' Hold a sincere heart and do people good, and you don't even have to ask about fortune. Which shows that increase is measured by how much you give out; what comes in is secondary. The hexagram's image is decreasing the upper to increase the lower — when those on top are willing to diminish themselves, those below give glad allegiance without limit. For yourself, the Great Image points out another way in: 'seeing the good, move toward it; having a fault, correct it.' Moving toward the good and correcting faults is increase added to your own person — it wears better than outside gains. The reverse case is written whole in the top line: 'none increase him; some attack him; his heart is not constant — misfortune.' Rake everything toward yourself until the crowd turns on you, and the more you grasp, the more you lose. How much of today matches that one line.
增益、有益處。本卦講上位減損自己以增益下位，是由上而下的給予。
To increase, benefit. In this hexagram: those above decreasing themselves to add to those below.
此處讀作「悅」，指喜悅。彖傳「民說無疆」是說在上位者肯給，百姓自然喜悅無邊。
Read as 悅 yue — delight, gladness. The people's joy when the top gives downward.
古代官員朝見所執的玉製信物。六三「告公用圭」是說要用正式的憑證稟告上級。
Jade tablet of office — the token by which one's word reaches the prince with authority.
依靠、憑藉。六四「利用為依遷國」是說此時可以被倚重，去做遷都這樣的大事。
To rely on, lean upon — the trust that makes one fit for great undertakings.
遷移國都。古代是牽動全局的大事，六四用它比喻能承擔重大任務。
Moving the capital — in antiquity, an undertaking of the greatest scale.
施恩、給人好處。九五「有孚惠心」講的是出於誠心而給人好處，不圖回報。
Kindness, benefaction — giving that flows from a sincere heart.
恆常、穩定不變。上九失於「立心勿恆」，是說心志搖擺不定，才招來攻擊。
Constancy, endurance. The top line's fault is a heart without it — restless craving.
益（四十二）與損（四十一）為一對綜卦，上下顛倒即是對方。彖傳「損益盈虛，與時偕行」是這對卦的核心思想：一切變化都在損益之間，而損益又必須與時並行。
Yi (42) and Sun (41) are a pair of inverses: one turned upside down gives the other. The Tuan Zhuan's 'decrease and increase, fullness and emptiness, move together with the time' is the core thought of the pair: all change lies between decrease and increase, and both must move with the time.
大象「君子以見善則遷，有過則改」一句，是儒家自我修養的根本。後世「過則勿憚改」（論語）也是同一個意思。「益」的根本，是德性的增長。
The Great Image's 'the superior man, seeing the good, moves toward it; having a fault, corrects it' is the root of Confucian self-cultivation. The Analects' 'having erred, do not fear to correct it' echoes this line. Real increase is the growth of virtue.
彖傳此句揭示了益之天道，天施與，地生長，二者相輔相成：沒有天施，就沒有地生；沒有地生，天施也無處安放。這與中國農業社會看待天地的方式相通。
This line from the Tuan Zhuan reveals the heavenly way of increase: heaven gives, earth grows, and each increases the other. Without heaven's giving there is no earth's growing; without earth's growing, heaven's giving has nowhere to land. It resonates with how Chinese agrarian society understood the relation between heaven and earth.
上九這四字，是六十四卦裡數一數二的貪戒。到了益的頂點還想求更多，沒有人會繼續給你，反而會有人來攻擊你。「立心勿恆」，心志不專一、不穩定，就是貪。
These four characters from the top line are among the sharpest warnings against greed in the 64 hexagrams. Once you've reached the peak of increase and still want more, no one keeps giving; instead, someone comes to attack you. 'His heart lacks constancy' (li xin wu heng): a will that is neither single-minded nor steady is greed itself.
「見善則遷，有過則改」與論語哪句呼應？為何是儒家根本？
How does this Da Xiang phrase echo the Analects?
為何上九「莫益之，或擊之」？「立心勿恆」如何理解？
Why does the top line attract attacks? What does 'unsteady heart' mean?
用九五「有孚惠心」評論一個你見過真誠施與而不求回報的人。
Use line 5 to comment on someone you've seen who gives sincerely without expecting return.